现在完成时语法详细讲解

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2021年01月25日 01:06
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2021年1月25日发(作者:海南三亚旅游)

英语现在完成时语法详细讲解与配套习题

一、现在完成时用来表示之前已 发生或完成的动作或状态,但它的影响现在还存在;也可表示持续到现在的
动作或状态。
其构成 :

have (has) +
过去分词。
规则变化的过去分词与过去式的变化一样,
在动词词尾加
ed;

规则变化的过去分词见不规则动词表,需要同学记忆。

现以
see the film
为例将现在完成时的肯定句,否定句和疑问句列表如下:

肯定句:
I/You/We/They have seen the film.
He/She /It has seen the film.

否定句:
I/You/We/They have not/ haven’t seen the film.


He/ She/It has not/hasn’t seen the film.

疑问句:
Have I/you/they seen the film? Yes, you/ we/I/they have. No, you/ we/I/they ha
ven’t.

Has he/she/it seen the film? Yes, he/ she/ it has.
No, he/ she/ it hasn’t.

二、用法:现在完成时既涉及过去,又联系现在。

1

标志词

already
ever
never
(ever)since
for
just
yet
recently
once, twice, a few times
during/over /in

the past/last +
一段时间

It’s the first time I …


词义

已经

曾经

从未,从来不

自从

后接一段时间

刚刚,正好



最近

几次

在过去的一段时间里

这是我第一次


用法

肯定句

疑问句、肯定句

陈述句,
不和
not
连用

肯定、疑问、否定

肯定、疑问、否定

肯定句

疑问句、否定

肯定、否定、疑问句

肯定、疑问

肯定、疑问、否定

肯定

位置

句中或句末

句中

句中

句中

句中

句中

句末

句末

句末

句末

句前

用法一:
表示过去发 生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
常与
just

刚刚)< br>,
already
(已经)

never
(从来没有),ever
(曾经),
before
(以前),
yet
(仍然),
once
(一次),
twice
(两次),
many times
(很多次)

how many times
(多少次)

so far
(迄今为止)

during the past

last

three years
(最近三年来)
等连用。



副词的位置:①
just
常用于肯定句中,放在
have / has
后,
He has just come .


never
表示否定
,
放在
have / has

, He has never visited the Great Wall.


ever
用于疑问句中
,
句型为
: Have / Has
+主语+
ever
+过去分词?
“…
曾经
……
过吗?

用于询问某人过去
的经历。
Have you ever been to the farm



before
用于句末,
The woman has never heard of that before.


yet
用于句末或
not
之后
.Has the train arrived yet? No, not yet.


already
用于肯定句
, have / has
之后或句末
.We have already finished it.


so far
用于句首或句末
. So far, we have visited the moon.

用法二:表示过去已经开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态。时间状语有:



for
+表示一段时间的词语
I have taught English for 19 years




since
+表示过去时间点的词语
He has been at this school since 1986.




since
+表示过去的时间状语从句
I have lived here since I was born.



since
+一段时间+
ago. I have known him since 20 years ago.

三、现在完成时态中可以和表示一段时间状语(
fo r

since

how long, all one’s life)连用的动词必须是表示延
续的情况或动作的动词,
即延续性动词。
如:
be

have

know

live

work

study

learn

teach

keep

speak

talk

draw< br>,
wait

wear

walk

sle ep

drive

write

do

clean
等。

I have been a teacher for nearly 20 years. How long has he lived here?


英语中还有一些动词的意义决定它们所表示的动作不能延续
,
只是一瞬间
< br>就结束的动作
,
这类动词叫做

非延续性动词

,常 见的有:
come

go

arrive

rea ch

see

hear

close

open

leave

begin

start

lose

buy

fall

join

die

get up

become

bo rrow

lend

find

finish

receive
等。这
些动词可用于现在完成时,
说明某个动作的结果还存在 ,
但不能和表示一段时间的状语

how long

for

since

连用。
He has come back.



He has come back for two hours.

×




但在否定句中,非延续性动词也可用表示一段时间的状语来修饰,如

I haven’t heard from my father for a long time. We haven’t seen him since 1999.


5
)用相应的延续性动词替代非延续性动词。

He has bought the book for two weeks.
改为
:He has had the book for two weeks.

常见的相应转换形式如下
:

borrow /
lend→keep,





buy→have,





finish / end→be over,




arrive /come / go / move / reach /get to→be in /at / be here /be there,

begin / start→be on , open→be open , close→be closed,die→be dead ,

leave→be away

from

,


go to school→be in school / be a stu
dent,

getup→be up,



fall asleep→be asleep ,


fall ill→be ill, get to know→know,

lose→be lost,become→be,




return / come back / get back→be back,

join→be in / be a…member,


join the army→be in the army /be a soldier,

receive / get a letter→have a letter , catch / get a cold→have a cold,


begin to study→study,

他参军已有三年
.He has joined the army for three years.
(错)改为
:

He has been in the army for three years / since three years ago.

He has been a soldier for three years / since three years ago.

He joined the army three years ago.

It is three years since he joined the army.

Three years has passed since he joined the army.







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