现在完成时用法讲解
温柔似野鬼°
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2021年01月25日 01:07
最佳经验
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青出于蓝造句-
现在完成时
一、基本构成
1
.肯定句:
主语(第一、二人称,第三人称复数)
+have +
过去分词
+
其他
主语(第三人称单数)
+has+
过去分词
+
其他
2
.否定句:
主语
+ have/has +not +
过去分词
+
其他
3
.一般疑问句:
Have/Has
+
主语
+
过去分词
+
其他?
4
.特殊疑问句:
特殊疑问词
+have/has +
主语
+
过去分词
+
其他?
5.
规则动词的过去分词和过去式构成相同,都是在词尾加
-ed
。
6.
不规则的,大致分为以下几种类型:
1)
原形中的元音字母有变化
:
get-got-got,
sit
–
sat-sat
win-won-won
spit- spat- spat
shine
–
shone- shone
find- found- found
hold-held- held
meet- met-met
stand- stood-stood
understand-understood-understood
feed- fed-fed
hang-hung-hung
2)
原形中的辅音字母有变化
:
make- made-made
spill-spilt-spilt
have/ has-had-had
build-built-built
send- sent-sent
lend- lent- lent
spend- spent-spent
3)
在原形后加
t
或
d:
spoil-spoilt- spoilt
learn-learnt-learnt
mean-meant- meant
hear-heard-heard
pay-paid- paid
say-said-said
lose-lost-lost
lay-laid-laid
4)
原形中的元音字母和辅音字母都有变化
:
feel-felt-felt
smell-smelt-smelt
spell-spelt
–
spelt
keep-kept-kept
sleep- slept-slept
sweep-swept-swept
leave- left-left
sell-sold-sold
tell-told- told
catch-caught-caught
teach-taught- taught
buy-bought-bought
bring- brought-brought
think-thought-thought
wear-wore-worn
5)
与原形相同
:
hit-hit-hit
hurt- hurt-hurt
let-let-let
put-put-put
read-read-read
set-set-set
shut- shut shut
cost-cost-cost
cut-cut-cut
还有些不规则动词的过去分词与过去式不相同
,
为便于记忆,
也分类如下
:
1)
原形中的元音字母有变化
:
ring-rang-rung
sing-sang-sung
drink-drank-drunk
swim-swam-swum
begin-began-begun
sink-sank-sunk
2)
在原形上加-
en:
eat-ate-eaten
fall-fell-fallen
ride-rode-ridden write-wrote- written
be-was/were-been
rise-rose-risen
forget-forgot-forgotten
3)
在原形上加-
n:
see-saw-seen
give-gave-given
drive-drove-driven
take-took-taken
mistake-mistook- mistaken
draw-drew-drawn
blow-blew-blown
grow-grew-grown
know-knew-known
show-showed-shown
throw-threw-thrown
4)
在过去式上加-
n:
steal-stole- stolen
break-broken
–
broken
choose-chose-chosen
speak-spoke-spoken
wake-woke-woken
6)
与原形相同
:come-came-come
run-ran-run
become-became-become
7)
原形、过去式和过去分词都不相同的
:
do-did-done
go-went-gone
fly-flew-flown
lie-lay- lain
个别动词有两个过去式和过去分词
,
一个为规则变化
,
另一个为不规则变化
:
learn-learned- learned
shined-shined
smell
–
smelled-smelled
learnt-learnt
shine
shone- shone
smelt-smelt
wake
-waked-waked
spelled-spelled
woke-woken
spell
-spelt
–
spelt
二、现在完成时的用法
用法:现在完成时既涉及过去,又联系现在。
1
.
表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
常与
just
(刚刚),
already
(已经),
never< br>(从来没有),
ever
(曾经),
before
(以前),
yet
(仍然),
once
(一次),
twice
(两次),
many times
(很多次),
how many times
(多少次),
so far
(迄今为止),
during the past
(
last
)
three years
(最近三年来)等连用。
副词的位置:
①
just
常用于肯定句中,放在
have / has
后,
He has just come .
②
never
表示否定
,
放在
have / has
后
, He has never visited the Great Wall.
③
ever
用于疑问句中
,
句型为
: Have / Has
+主语+
ever
+过去分词?
“…
曾经
……
过吗?
”
用于询问
某人过去的经历。
Have you ever been to the farm
?
④
before
用于句末,
The woman has never heard of that before.