小学现在完成时的用法总结
温柔似野鬼°
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2021年01月25日 01:09
最佳经验
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让爱永驻心中演讲稿-
现在完成时（
Present perfect
）过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在 造成影响或后果，
过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。
基本结构：主语
+have/has+
动词的过去分词
(done)
①肯定句：主语
+have/has+
动词的过去分词
+
宾语
.
②否定句：主语
+have/has+not+
动词的过去分词
+
宾 语
.
③一般疑问句：
Have/Has+
主语
+
动词的过 去分词
+
宾语
.
④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组
+
一般 疑问句（
have/has+
主语
+
过去分词
+
其他）
定义：
（
1
）
强调动作是过去发生的
（
2
）
强调对现在的影响或结果
（
3
）
在过去不确定的时间里发生的动作，但是结果对现在有影响。
但过去分词一定要选择准确。
1
、规则动词：
规则动 词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四
点变化规则：
(1)
、一般动词，在词尾直接加
“ ed ”
。
work--- worked---worked ,visit--- visi
ted
---
visited (2)
、以
“ e ”
结尾的动词，只在词尾加
“ d ”
。
live---lived--- lived ,
(3)
、以
“
辅音字母
+ y ”
结尾的动词，将
变为
，再加
“ ed ”
。
study---studied---studied ,cry--- cried---cried
(4)
、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加
“ ed ”
。
stop-
--stopped---stopped , drop--- dropped--dropped
不规则动词
burn--- burnt---
burnt 1hide hid hiden
隐藏
2forget forgot forgoten
忘记
3see saw seen
看见
4take took taken
2
、不规则动词：
AAA
型
原型
过去式
过去分词
burst burst burst cast cast cast cost cost costcut cut cut
hit hit hit hurt hurt hurt put put put set set set shut shut shut
spread spread spread let let let read read read led led led
AAB
型
beat beat beaten
ABA
型
bec
ome became become run ran run come came come
特殊情况
read read read
read
原形发音为
/ri:d/,
过去式和过去分词发音为
/red/
ABB
型
bring brought brought buy bought bought build built built burn burnt
burnt
catch caught caught dig dug dug
feel felt felt fight fought fought
find found found feed fed fed get got got
hang hung hung hear heard heard
hold held held keep kept kept lay laid laid
lead led led lose lost lost
leave
left left lend lent lent
make made made mean meant meantmeet met met
pay paid paid sell sold sold shoot shot shot say said said
sit sat sat stand stood stood shine shone shone sweep swept swept
sleep slept slept teach taught taught tell told told think thought thought win
won won
ABC
型
begin began begun blow blew blown break broke broken choose chose
chosen draw drew drawn drive drove driven drink drank drunk fly flew flown
forgive forgave forgiven forget forgot forgotten freeze froze frozen give gave
given grow grew grown know knew known ride rode ridden rise rose risen
ring rang rung shake shook shaken sing sang sung sink sank sunk swim
swam swum throw threw thrown write wrote written
take took taken wear wore worn
用法
（
1
）现在完成 时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态
,
但其结果却和现在有联
系
,
也就是说
,
动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在
.
I have spent all of my money.(
含义是
:
现在我没有钱花了
.)
Jane has laid the table.(
含义是
:
现在桌子已经摆好了
.)
Michael has been ill.(
含义是
:
现在仍然很虚弱
)
He has returned from abroad. (
含义是
:
现在已在此地
)
（
2
）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的
,
持续到现在 的动作（用行为动词表
示）或状态（
be
动词表示）常与
for
（< br>+
时间段）
,since
（
+
时间点或过去时的句子）连用
.
①
for+
时段
②
since+
过去一个时间点（译为：自从
……
以来）
③
since+
时段
+ago
④
since+
从句（过去时）
●
⑤
It is+
时段
+since+
从句（过去时）
Mary has been ill for three days. I have
lived here since 1998.
●
注：瞬间动词（
buy,die,join,lose……
） 不能直接与
for since
连用。要改变动词
come/arrive/reach/get to-----be in
go out----be out
finish----be over
open----be open
die----be dead
★
代替
buy My brother has had(
不能用
has bought) this bike for almost
four years.
★
2
、用
keep
或
h ave
代替
borrow
I have kept(
不能用
have borrowed) the book for quite a few days.
★
3
、用
be
替代
bec
ome
How long has your sister been a teacher?
★
4
、用
have a cold
代替
catch a cold Tom has had a cold since the day before
yesterday.
★
5
、用
wear
代替
put on
b)
用
“be
＋形容词
”
代终止性动词
1
、
be
＋
married
代
marry 2
、
be
＋
ill
代
fall (get) ill
3
、
be
＋
dead
代
die 4
、
be
＋
asleep
代
fall (get) asleep
5
、
be
＋
awake
代
wake/wake up 6
、
be
＋
gone
代
lose,die,sell ,leave
7
、
be
＋
open
代
open 8
、
be closed
代
close/shut
9
、< br>be
＋
missing(gone,lost)
代
lose
c)
用
“be
＋副词
”
代终止性动词
1“be
＋
on”
代
start,begin
2
“be
＋
up”
代
get up
3“be
＋
back(to)”
代
return to,come back to,go back to
4“be here (there)”
代
come(arrive,reach,get) here
或
go (arrive,reach,get)
there
等等
d)
用
“be
＋介词短语
”
代终止性动词
1.“be in/at +
地点
”
代替
go to /come to 2.
用
be in the army
代替
join the army
3.“be in/at +
地点
”
代替
move to
常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表
常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表：
1. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw.
→
have been in sw./at…
相应的介词
2. have come/gone back/returned
→
have been back
3. have come/gone out
→
have been out
4. have
bec
ome
→
have been
5. have closed / opened
→
have been close/open
6. have got up
→
have been up
；
7. have died
→
have been dead
；
8. have left sw.
→
have been away from sw.
9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep
→
have been asleep
；
10. have finished/ended/comple
ted
→
have been over
；
11. havemarried
→
have been married
；
12. have started/begun to do sth.
→
have done sth.
；
13. have begun
→
have been on
14. have borrowed/bought
→
have kept/had
15. have lost
→
haven’t had
16. have put on
→
have worn
17. have caught /get a cold
→
have had a cold
；
18. have got to know
→
have known
19. have/has gone to
→
have been in
20. have joined/have taken part in the league/the Party/the army
→
have been a member of/ have been in/have been the P
arty’s member/the
league member/the soldier…
1.
现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用，
(
如表示过去的时间状语）
如
yesterday(morning
、
afternoon),last(m orning
、
afternoon)
等，除非与
for,since
连用
.
2.
现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用
,
如
already
（肯定）
, yet
（否定，疑问）
, just, before, recently,still, lately
等
:
He has already obtained a scholarship.
I haven't seen much of him recently (lately).
3.
现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用
,
如
often, sometimes, ever, never, twice, on several occasion
等
:
Have you ever been to Beijing
I have never heard Bunny say anything against her.
4.
现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用
,
如
now, up to these few days/weeks/months/years, this
morning/week/month/year, just, today, up to present, so far
等
:
Peter has written six papers so far.
Man has now learned to release energy from the nucleus of the atom.
5.
现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作
. We
have had four texts this semester.
6.现在完成时的
完成用法
现在完成时的
完成用法
指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束，但该动作对现在产生
了影响，与现在情况具有因果关 系。
例如：
He has turned off the light.
他已把灯关了。
(
动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在
的情况
--
灯现 在不亮了。
)
现在完成时
完成用法
的特点是动作不延续， 因此，该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状
语
(
如：
already
，
yet
，
before
，
recently
等
)
、频度时间状语
(
如：
never
，
ever
，< br>once
等
)
、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语
(
如：
this morning
／
month
／
year...
，
today
等
)