现在完成时讲解

别妄想泡我
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2021年01月25日 01:11
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有关月亮的谜语-

2021年1月25日发(作者:哈七)
现在完成时讲解

一、

基本结构:

1
、肯定句:主语
+have/has+
过去分词
(done)+------.

2
、否定句:主语
+have/has+not+
过去分词
+- -----.

3
、一般疑问句:
Have/Has+
主语
+
过去分词
+------.

回答
: Yes,
主语
+ have/has.(
肯定
)










No,
主语
+ haven't/hasn't.(
否定
)

二、用法


1
)现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果



I

have spent

all of my money. (
含义是
:
现在我没有钱花了
.)



Lily

has (just/already) come. (
含义:
Lily
现在在这儿
)

My father

has gone

to work.(
含义是
:
我爸爸现在不在这儿
)



2

现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的
,
持续到现在的动作或状态,
常与
for

+
时间段)
,si nce

+
时间点或过去时的句子)连用
.




for+
时段




since+
过去时间(译为:自从
……
以来)




since+
从句(过去时)




It is+
时段
+since+
从句(过去时)



Mary has been ill

for three days.



I have lived here

since 1998.

三、
has gone (to), has been (to),

has been (in)

的区别

1

Have/Has gone(to) :
去了
(
现在不在说话现场
)

Where is your fatherHe has gone to Shanghai.

2

Have/Has been (to) :
去过(已不在去过的地方)

My father has been to Shanghai.

3

Have/has been in
:呆了多久(还在所呆的地方)

My father has been in Shanghai

for two months. /since two months ago.

四、现在完成时的标志



1
现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响
,
用以下四大标志词可以表达这< br>种含义
:


1



already, just

yet
为标志



He has already got her help.

他已得到她的帮助。

He has just seen the film.

他刚刚看过这场电影。

He hasn't come back yet.

他还没有回来。


2



ever

never
为标志


This is the best film I have ever seen.

这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。

He has never been to Beijing.

他从没有到过北京。


3

以动作发生的次数为标志



He says he has been to the USA three times.
他说他已经去过美国三次了。


4



so far

到目前为止)
为标志
+before


He has got to Beijing so far.

到目前为止他已到了北京。

She has passed the exam so far.

到目前为止她已经通过了考试。

2.
过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在
,
甚至有可能继续延续下去
,
我们可以从动作

延续

的特性和

时间
点段的区分入手
,
进一步学习现在完成时。




for+
时段



since+
过去一个时间点(过去

从句)为标志


注意:


1)
现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用
,


yesterday, last week, three years ago


;

五、过去分词

(一)

规则动词
:规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。


(1)
一般动词,在词尾直接加
“ ed ”




work---worked---worked ,visit--- visited---visited

(2)

“ e ”
结尾的动词,只在词尾加
“ d ”




live---lived---lived ,

(3)


辅音字母

+ y ”
结尾的动词,将


变为


,再加
“ ed ”




study---studied---studied ,cry---cried--- cried

(4)
重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加
“ ed ”




stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped

(二)
不规则动词


1


AAA




原型

过去式

过去分词

burst burst burst




cast cast cast





cost cost cost





cut cut cut



hit hit hit










hurt hurt hurt




let let let









put put put



set set set










shut shut shut



spread spread spread

read read read read
原形发 音为
/ri:d/,
过去式和过去分词发音为
/red/

2

AAB


beat beat beaten

3

ABA


become became become




run ran run






come came come

特殊情况

4

ABB


bring brought brought



buy bought bought




build built built

burn burnt burnt

catch caught caught



dig dug dug



feel felt felt











fight fought fought





find found found

hear heard heard







hold held held

keep kept kept



lay laid laid











lead led led









lose lost lost

make made made






meet met met

sell sold sold









shoot shot shot







sit sat sat




stand stood stood


sweep swept swept


teach taught taught





tell told told







think thought thought

win won won

5

ABC



begin began begun






blow blew blown



break broke broken

choose chose chosen


draw drew drawn







drive drove driven


drink drank drunk



fly flew flown





forgive forgave forgiven

forget forgot forgotten



freeze froze frozen

give gave given






grow grew grown

know knew known


ride rode ridden








rise rose risen




ring rang rung

shake shook shaken




sing sang sung



sink sank sunk



swim swam swum

swim swam swum


throw threw thrown


write wrote written

六、

瞬间动词

buy, die, join, come

go ,leave, join ……
)不能直接与
for /since

连用。要改
变动词

begin-----be on
















borrow -----keep





buy----have





close -----be closed














come/arrive/reach/get to -----be in



die----be dead

finish----be over

go out---- be out












leave ----be away

open----be open


1

have
代替
buy



My brother has had(
不能用
has bought) this bike for almost four years.


2
、用keep

have
代替
borrow



I have kept(
不能用
have borrowed) the book for quite a few days.


3
、用
be
替代
become

How long has your sister been a teacher


4
、用
have a cold
代替
catch a cold



Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.


5
、用
wear
代替
put on



b)

“be
+形容词


终止性动词



1

be

married

marry









2

be

ill

fall (get) ill



3

be

dead

die















4

be

asleep

fall (get) asleep



5

be

awake

wake/wake up




6

be

go ne

lose,die,sell,leave



7

be

open

open













8

be closed

close/shut



9

be

missing(gone,lost)

lose



c)

“be
+副词

代终止性动词



1“be

on”

start, begin



2“be

up”

get up



3“be

back(to)


return to, come back to, go back to



4“be here (there)”

come(arrive, reach, get) here

go (arrive, reach, get) there
等等



d)

“be
+介词短语

代终止性动词



1.“be in/at +
地点

代替
go to /come to



2.

be in the army

代替
join the army



3.“be in/at +
地点

代替
move to



常用瞬间动词变
延续性动词
表:



1. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw.



→have been in sw./at…
相应的介词



2. have come/gone back/returned → have been back



3. have come/gone out →have been out



4. have become → have been



5. have closed / opened→ have been
close/open



6. have got up → have been up




7. have died → have been dead




8. have left sw. → have been away from sw.



9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep → have been asleep




10. have finished/ended/completed → have been over




11. have married → h
ave been married




12. have started/begun to do sth. → have done sth.





13. have begun → have been on



14. have borrowed/bought →have kept/had



15. have lost → haven’t had



16. have put on →have worn

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