现在完成时讲解
玛丽莲梦兔
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2021年01月25日 01:11
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有关月亮的谜语-
现在完成时讲解
一、
基本结构：
1
、肯定句：主语
+have/has+
过去分词
(done)+------.
2
、否定句：主语
+have/has+not+
过去分词
+- -----.
3
、一般疑问句：
Have/Has+
主语
+
过去分词
+------.
回答
: Yes,
主语
+ have/has.(
肯定
)
No,
主语
+ haven't/hasn't.(
否定
)
二、用法
（
1
）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果
I
have spent
all of my money. (
含义是
:
现在我没有钱花了
.)
Lily
has (just/already) come. (
含义：
Lily
现在在这儿
)
My father
has gone
to work.(
含义是
:
我爸爸现在不在这儿
)
（
2
）
现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的
,
持续到现在的动作或状态，
常与
for
（
+
时间段）
,si nce
（
+
时间点或过去时的句子）连用
.
①
for+
时段
②
since+
过去时间（译为：自从
……
以来）
③
since+
从句（过去时）
④
It is+
时段
+since+
从句（过去时）
Mary has been ill
for three days.
I have lived here
since 1998.
三、
has gone (to), has been (to),
has been (in)
的区别
1
、
Have/Has gone(to) :
去了
(
现在不在说话现场
)
Where is your fatherHe has gone to Shanghai.
2
、
Have/Has been (to) :
去过（已不在去过的地方）
My father has been to Shanghai.
3
、
Have/has been in
：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方）
My father has been in Shanghai
for two months. /since two months ago.
四、现在完成时的标志
1
、现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响
,
用以下四大标志词可以表达这< br>种含义
:
（
1
）
以
already, just
和
yet
为标志
He has already got her help.
他已得到她的帮助。
He has just seen the film.
他刚刚看过这场电影。
He hasn't come back yet.
他还没有回来。
（
2
）
以
ever
和
never
为标志
This is the best film I have ever seen.
这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。
He has never been to Beijing.
他从没有到过北京。
（
3
）
以动作发生的次数为标志
He says he has been to the USA three times.
他说他已经去过美国三次了。
（
4
）
以
so far
（
到目前为止）
为标志
+before
He has got to Beijing so far.
到目前为止他已到了北京。
She has passed the exam so far.
到目前为止她已经通过了考试。
2.
过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在
,
甚至有可能继续延续下去
,
我们可以从动作
“
延续
”
的特性和
“
时间”
点段的区分入手
,
进一步学习现在完成时。
①
for+
时段
②
since+
过去一个时间点（过去
从句）为标志
注意：
1)
现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用
,
如
yesterday, last week, three years ago
等
;
五、过去分词
（一）
规则动词
：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。
(1)
一般动词，在词尾直接加
“ ed ”
。
work---worked---worked ,visit--- visited---visited
(2)
以
“ e ”
结尾的动词，只在词尾加
“ d ”
。
live---lived---lived ,
(3)
以
“
辅音字母
+ y ”
结尾的动词，将
变为
，再加
“ ed ”
。
study---studied---studied ,cry---cried--- cried
(4)
重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加
“ ed ”
。
stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped
（二）
不规则动词
：
1
、
AAA
型
原型
过去式
过去分词
burst burst burst
cast cast cast
cost cost cost
cut cut cut
hit hit hit
hurt hurt hurt
let let let
put put put
set set set
shut shut shut
spread spread spread
read read read read
原形发 音为
/ri:d/,
过去式和过去分词发音为
/red/
2
、
AAB
型
beat beat beaten
3
、
ABA
型
become became become
run ran run
come came come
特殊情况
4
、
ABB
型
bring brought brought
buy bought bought
build built built
burn burnt burnt
catch caught caught
dig dug dug
feel felt felt
fight fought fought
find found found
hear heard heard
hold held held
keep kept kept
lay laid laid
lead led led
lose lost lost
make made made
meet met met
sell sold sold
shoot shot shot
sit sat sat
stand stood stood
sweep swept swept
teach taught taught
tell told told
think thought thought
win won won
5
、
ABC
型
begin began begun
blow blew blown
break broke broken
choose chose chosen
draw drew drawn
drive drove driven
drink drank drunk
fly flew flown
forgive forgave forgiven
forget forgot forgotten
freeze froze frozen
give gave given
grow grew grown
know knew known
ride rode ridden
rise rose risen
ring rang rung
shake shook shaken
sing sang sung
sink sank sunk
swim swam swum
swim swam swum
throw threw thrown
write wrote written
六、
瞬间动词
（
buy, die, join, come
，
go ,leave, join ……
）不能直接与
for /since
连用。要改
变动词
begin-----be on
borrow -----keep
buy----have
close -----be closed
come/arrive/reach/get to -----be in
die----be dead
finish----be over
go out---- be out
leave ----be away
open----be open
★
1
、
have
代替
buy
My brother has had(
不能用
has bought) this bike for almost four years.
★
2
、用keep
或
have
代替
borrow
I have kept(
不能用
have borrowed) the book for quite a few days.
★
3
、用
be
替代
become
How long has your sister been a teacher
★
4
、用
have a cold
代替
catch a cold
Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.
★
5
、用
wear
代替
put on
b)
用
“be
＋形容词
”
代
终止性动词
1
、
be
＋
married
代
marry
2
、
be
＋
ill
代
fall (get) ill
3
、
be
＋
dead
代
die
4
、
be
＋
asleep
代
fall (get) asleep
5
、
be
＋
awake
代
wake/wake up
6
、
be
＋
go ne
代
lose,die,sell,leave
7
、
be
＋
open
代
open
8
、
be closed
代
close/shut
9
、
be
＋
missing(gone,lost)
代
lose
c)
用
“be
＋副词
”
代终止性动词
1“be
＋
on”
代
start, begin
2“be
＋
up”
代
get up
3“be
＋
back(to)
”
代
return to, come back to, go back to
4“be here (there)”
代
come(arrive, reach, get) here
或
go (arrive, reach, get) there
等等
d)
用
“be
＋介词短语
”
代终止性动词
1.“be in/at +
地点
”
代替
go to /come to
2.
用
be in the army
代替
join the army
3.“be in/at +
地点
”
代替
move to
常用瞬间动词变
延续性动词
表：
1. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw.
→have been in sw./at…
相应的介词
2. have come/gone back/returned → have been back
3. have come/gone out →have been out
4. have become → have been
5. have closed / opened→ have been
close/open
6. have got up → have been up
；
7. have died → have been dead
；
8. have left sw. → have been away from sw.
9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep → have been asleep
；
10. have finished/ended/completed → have been over
；
11. have married → h
ave been married
；
12. have started/begun to do sth. → have done sth.
；
13. have begun → have been on
14. have borrowed/bought →have kept/had
15. have lost → haven’t had
16. have put on →have worn