励志朗诵稿-

2021年1月25日发(作者：尚雯婕吧)

现在完成时的用法

1.
定义：




现在完成时是由助动词
have(has)+
动词的过去分词构成。助动 词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。它和主语的人
称、数要保持一致。过去分词是主要的谓语动词，说明句 子的意

2.
用法




(1)
表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，
但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。
常被
ju st
、
already
、
yet
等副词修
饰。



-Have you had lunch yet? -Yes,I have.
I’ve
just had it.



你
(
已经
)
吃午饭了吗？

我刚刚吃过。
(
现在我不饿了
)



(2)
表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。
这个动作可能刚停止，
可能仍然在进行。
常带有
for
和
since
等表示一段时间的状语 。①
.He has taught here since 1981



他自
1981
年就在这儿教书。
(
可能还要继续教
)
②
.
I
have’t
seen her for four years.



(3)
表
示
说< br>话
前
发
生
过
一
次
或
多
次< br>的
动
作
，
现
在
成
为
一
种< br>经
验
，
一
般
译
为
汉
语
“< br>过
”
，
常
带
有
twice,ever,never, three times
等时间状语。


I have been to Beijing twice.

3.
现在完成时的时间状语



(1)
现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如：
y esterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago
等。但是，在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。



a.
用
副
词
already
和yet
。
already
一
般
用
于
肯
定
句
中
，
yet
一
般
用
于
否定
句
和

疑
问
句
中
。
如
：
We have already finished our homework.
我们已完成作业了。




They
haven’t
finished their homework yet.
他们还没有完成作业。



b.
用
ever
和
never
。多用于否定或疑问句中， 表示
“
曾经
”
或
“
从未
“
等。

如：
-Have you ever been to the Great Wall?
你曾经去过长城吗？




-I have never been to the Great Wall.
我从未去过长城。



c.
用
表
示
到
说
话
为
止
的
过
去
时
间
状
语
，
如
just,before,up to now,the past few years
等
。
例
如
：
I have seen her before,but I can not remember where.



我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。




He has been there three times the last few days.



近几年他去过那里三次了。




d.
用
包
括
“
现
在
”
在
内
的
时
间
状
语
，
如
：
now,today,this morning(month,year,term)
等< br>。
例
如
：
-Have you met him today?-No,I
haven’t.




今天你见过他吗？我

没有。




How many times have you been there this year?



今年你去过那里多少次？



( 2)
现在完成时可以和带有
since
或
for
等表示
“< br>一段时间
”
的状语连用
,
表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始，一直持续< br>到现在。
如：
I
haven’t
seen him for two years.
但是，
像
come,arrive,buy
等终止性 动词不能与表示
“
一段时间
”
的状语连
用。要用，必须改为
“be(
在
)”
等延续性动词来表述。现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的 转换：


arrive→be
here
begin(start)→be
on


die
→be
dead come
back→be
back

leave
→be
away fall
ill(sick,asleep)→be
ill(sick,asleep)

get
up→be
up go out
→be
out

finish
→be
over put on
→wear

或
be on


open
→be
open join
→be
in
或
be a member
of…

close
→be
closed go to
school→be
a student

borrow
→keep
buy
→have


catch(a
cold)→
have(a cold) get to know
→know begin
to
study→study
come to
work→work

①
.
He has been a soldier for three years.

②
.
His father has been dead for two years.

③
.The film has been on for ten minutes.

④
.We have studied English for three years.

4.
现在完成时和一般过去时的区别




现在完成时和一般过去时都表示在过去完成的动作。但现在完成时强调的是这一动 作与现在的关系。如对现在
产生的结果或影响等，而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生，不表示 和现在的关系。试比较：



1



I have lost my new book.
我把新书丢了。
(
现在还未找到
)



I lost my new book yesterday.
我昨天把新书丢了。
(
昨天丢的，现在找到与否没说明
)

5.
几点注意事项




(1)have been(to)
与
have gone( to)
的区别：
have be en(to)
表示
“
去过某地
(
现在已经回来了
)”
，可用于各人称；
have gone(to)
表示
“
去某地了
(
说话时某人不在当地
)”
，常用于第三人称，前者可与
once ,never,several times
等连用，
后者则不能。①
.They have been to Beijing twice.
他们去过北京两次。

②
.
He has gone to Beijing .
他去北京了。




(2)
如
单
纯
表
示
一
段
时
间
，
或
强
调
一
段
时
间
，
虽
有
since
一
词
，
也
不
必
用
完
成
时
。
如
：
It is two years since his father died. =His father has been dead for two years.
他父亲去世已有三年了。




(3)终止性动词现在完成时的否定式，已变成一种可以延续的状态，因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。



现在完成时练习题

一、翻译下列句子：

1.
你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？














2.
我刚刚丢了我的化学书。

3.
我以前从来没去过那个农场。










4.
他已经吃过午饭了。

5.
你已经看过这部电影了吗？












6.
我哥哥还没回来。

7.
我上星期看过这部电影。














8.
在
1992
年他住在这里。

9.
这本字典我已买了三年了。













10.
他离开中国三年了。

11.
我认识他们五年了。


















12.
他们已去了美国五年了。

13.
自从他搬到福州，他就住这儿了。






14.
他们已经结婚
10
年。

15.
我妹妹成为一个大学生已经三年。






16.
这会已开了多长时间了？

17.
这门已经关了两天了。
















18.
我入团
2
年了。

I __________ ___________ ___________ two years ago.
I __________ ___________ a ___________ ___________ for two years.
I _________ _________ a ___________ of __________ _________ for two years.
I __________ ___________ ____________ the __________ for two years.
19.
自从
1999
年以来他们就认识。









20.
我来到农场已
5
年了。

二、用过去时或现在完成时填空：

1. “_________ you __________ (have) lunch ?” “Yes.”

“
When ________ you __________ (have) it?”“I ____________ (have) it at 12:00.”

2. “_________ you __________ (write) a letter to your aunt yet?”

“
Yes, I ___________. I ________________ (write) one last week.”

3. “_________ he ___________ (finish) his homework?” “Not yet.”

4. “_________ they ever __________ (be) abroad?” “Yes, just once.”

5. Your father _________ just ___________ (finish) his work.
6. Your father _________ (finish) his work just now.
7. Last term I __________ (learn) many English words.
8. They ____________ (not read) the interesting books yet.
9. He _____________ never ____________ (go) to the science museum.
10. ____________ you ever ____________ (drink) coke?
11. “____________ you _____________ (buy) a dictionary? “ “Yes, I __________ .”

“
Where __________ you _____________ (buy) it?” “ I ___________ (buy) it in a bookstore.”

“
When ___________ you _____________ (buy) it?” “ Yesterday.”

三、用
since
和
for
填空

1. ______ two years

2._______ two years ago




3. _______ last month


4.______ 1999
5._______ yesterday 6. _______ 4 o’clock

7. ______ 4 hours


8._____
__ an hour ago
9. _______ we were children

10. _____ lunch time



11.______ she left here
12. He has lived in Nanjing ________ the year before last.
13. I’ve known him __________ we were children.

14. Our teacher has studied Japanese _________ three years.
15. She has been away from the city ___________ about ten years.

2

16. It’s about ten years __________ she left the city.

四、
短暂性动词转换为延续性动词

①
arrive at/in sw. get to/reach sw. come/go/move to sw.
→

be in sw./at school/at home/on the farm/be here/be there
1) He got to Beijing five minutes ago.
He ________ _________ _________ Beijing for _________ _________.
2) I moved to the USA last year.
I ________ ________ __________ the USA since __________ __________.
3) I went home yesterday.
I _______ ________ _________ home for _________ __________.
4) They came here last week.
They _________ _________ here since _________ __________.
②
come/go back, return
→

be back come/go out
→

be out
1) He came out two years ago.
He _________ __________ _________ for __________ __________.
2) We return to Fuzhou yesterday.
We ________ ________ _________ to Fuzhou since __________.
③
become
→

be
1) I became a teacher in 2000.
I ________ __________ a teacher for _________ _________.
2) The river became dirty last year.
The river _________ _________ dirty for _________ __________.
④
close
→

be closed open
→

be open
1) The shop closed two hours ago.
The shop ________ _________ _________ for _________ _________.
2) The door opened at six in the morning.
The door ________ ________ ________ for six hours.
⑤
get up
→

be up
；

die
→

be dead
；

leave sw.
→

be away from sw.
fall asleep/get tot sleep
→

be asleep
；

finish/end
→

be over
；

marry
→

be married
；

1) I got up two hours ago.
I ________ ________ ________ since ________ ________.
2) He left Fuzhou just now.
He _______ ________ ________ _________ Fuzhou for five minutes.
3) My grandpa died in 2002.
My grandpa _______ _______ ________for _______ ________.
4) The meeting finished at six.
The meeting ________ ______ ______ for six hours.
5) I got to sleep two hours ago.
I ________ _________ _________ since _________ _________.
6) They married in 1990.
They ________ _________ __________since _________.
⑥
start/begin to do sth.
→

do sth.
；
begin
→

be on
1) I began to teach at this school in 1995.
I ____ ____ at this school since ____.
2) The film began two minutes ago.
The film ____ ____ ____ for ____ ____.
⑦
borrow
→

keep
；

lose
→

not have
；
buy
→

have
；
put on
→

wear
catch/get a cold
→

have a cold
；

get to know
→

know

3

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