一般过去时与现在完成时,过去完成 的区分
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2021年01月25日 01:17
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一般过去时与现在完成时用法比较
过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的 事情，
强调动作；
现在完成时为过去发生的，
强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是 影响。
过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语
:
yesterday, last week
，
…ago,
in1980, in October, just now,
具体的时间状语
共同的时间状语
:
this morning, tonight, this April, now, once
，
before, already, recently
，
lately
现在完成时的时间状语
for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
现
在
完
成时
可
表
示
持
续
到
现
在
的动
作
或
状
态
，
动
词
一
般是
延
续
性
的
，
如
live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
过去时常用的非持续性动词有
come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married
等。
举例：
I saw this film yesterday.
（强调看的动作发生过了。
）
I have seen this film.
（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。
）
Why did you get up so early?
（强调起床的动作已发生过了。
）
Who hasn't handed in his paper?
（强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。
）
She has returned from Paris.
她已从巴黎回来了。
She returned yesterday.
她是昨天回来了。
He has been in the League for three years.
(
在团内的状态可延续
)
He has been a League member for three years.
(
是团员的状态可持续
)
He joined the League three years ago.
(
三年前入团，
joined
为短暂行为。
)
I have finished my homework now.
---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
---He's already been sent for.
句子中如有过去时的时间副词
（如
yesterday, last, week, in 1960
）
时，
不能使用现在完成时，
要用过去时。
（错）
Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
（对）
Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
一般过去时与过去完成时
一般过去时与过去完成时的
11
个测试点
一般过去时与过去完成时都可表示过去的动作或状态，它们既有联系又有区别，极易混淆。
1.
表示过去未实现的希望、
计划或打算，
用过去完成时。
常用的动词有
intend , mean , hope ,
expect , suppose , think , want
等。
I had meant to call on you , but was prevented from doing so .
我本打算给你打电话，但被其它
事给耽搁了。
We had hoped to be able to come and see you .
我们本来打算能来看望你。
They had wanted to help her but couldn’t get there in time .
他们本想帮她的忙，却没有及时赶
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到那里。
过去完成时的这种用法也可以换为：
Had + hoped ( … ) = hoped + to + have + done
I had wanted to see you , but found you were out . = I wanted to have seen you , but found you
were out .
2.
在由
told , said , knew , heard , thought
等动词后的宾语从句中常用过去完成时。
She said
she had never been to Paris .
3.
注意在句型
hardly … when , no sooner … than
的主句中用过去完成时。当
hardly
和
no
sooner
谓语句首时主句要用倒装结构。
She had hardly sat down when she heard her name called by the monitor . = Hardly had she sat
down when she heard her name called by the teacher .
4.
表达过去两个动作如第一个动作完成后才能引起第二个动作，则第一个动作用过去完成时 ，
第二个用一般过去时。
When he had drunk all the wine , he left his house .
When he reached home , he found his house had been broken into and lot of things stolen .
5.
若句中有表示过去的时间时，在由
had rather
；
I wish
后的宾语从句中用过去完成时。
I would rather you had told me the truth last time .
我宁愿你上次把实话告诉我。
She wished she had been there yesterday . (
事实是：
She wasn’t there)
6.
在与过去相反的虚拟语气中，条件句用过去完成时。特别要注意该结构省
if
后的倒装结构。
If John had studied hard last term , he would have made great progress .
Had he known that you were busy last week , he wouldn’t have given y
ou so much trouble .
7.
在过去某时之前的继续动作，
表示某事继续到过去某时已有一段时间 ，
则用过去完成时，
并
与
for , since
等词连用。
He had been ill for a week when he was went to the hospital .
他被送医院时已病了一星期了。
He said he had worked in that factory since 1984 .
他说他从
1984
年以来
一直在那家工厂工
作。
8.
两个或两个以上的动作，用
and , then
或
but
等连接，按照动作发生的顺序表达时，用一
般过去时，表示过去发生的连续的动作。
The man got up , put on his cap and went away .
那人站了起来，戴上帽子走了。
I lost the hat which I had bought .
9.
过去完成时以过去某 时间为起点，
表示过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作或存
在的状态。也就是，过去 完成时是一个相对的时态，表示的是
“
过去的过去
”
，只和过去某时间
或某动作相比较时才能用到它。
一般过去时以现在时间为起点，表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。
He died three years ago .
他三年前死了。
The film had already begun when I got to the cinema .
我到达电影院时，电影已经开始了。
We had learned 1000 English words by the end of last term .
到上学期末我们已学了
1000
个
英语单词。
10.
在间接引语中，以过去完成时代替直接引语中的一般过去时和现在完成时。 但是如果叙述
的是历史事实时，只用一般过去时，不用过去完成时。