专项练习之现在完成时与过去完成时
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2021年01月25日 01:23
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中秋的作文-
【本讲教育信息】
教学内容：
寒假复习专题
现在完成时与过去完成时
教学过程: ◎现在完成时态的构成和用法
现在完成时态由
助动词
h
a
v
e
（
h
a
s
）
+
过
去
分
词
”
构
成
，
它
可
以
表
示
过
去
发
生
或
已
经
完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常与一些时间状语
,
如
:already, yet, ever,
等连用，也可以和包括现在在内的时间状语，如
these
n ever, just, before, on ce, twice
days, today, this year, so far
I
'
ve just had my lunch.
等连用。如：
我刚刚吃过午饭。（影响是：现在我不饿了。）
She has already posted the photos.
她这里了。）
她已经寄走了相片。
（结果是：这些相片已不在
1.
I
'
m sorry you
市）
the wonderful football game. It was just over.
（青岛
A. have lost B. have missed C. are miss ing D. will lose
2.
—
You seem to know much about the city.
—
That
'
s true. I it three times.
（绍兴市）
A. visited B. had visited C. have visited D. will visit
3.
—
Would you like to visit Shan tou City with me this summer vacati on?
—
No, thanks. I it
（四川省自贡市）
before. Besides, it
'
s hot and humid there in summer.
A. have visited B. visited C. will visit
4.
It is said the Chery
市）
（奇瑞）
a new kind of car rece ntly.
（安徽省芜湖
A. has developed B. developed C. develops D. had developed
现在完成时态还可以表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，
一直持续到现在，也许还将继
续下去。可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间的状语连用，即
for
+
时间段，
since
+
时间点
/
从句，
in the last ten years
等，在这种用法中，表示持续动作或状态的
动词多是延续性动
词。如：
I
'
ve known Li Lei for three years.
我认识李磊已经有三年了。
He has bee n at this school for over two years.
They have lived here since 2002.
他在这个学校已经有两年多了。
自从
2002
年以来，他们就住在这里。
你在这个图书馆里工作有多久了
?
自从我来到这所学校，他一直在教
（临沂市）
How long have you worked in this library?
He has taught us since I came to this school.
我们。
He
a millio n yua n to Wen chua n since the earthquake.
A. has give n away B. gave away C. have give n away D. gives away
◎特征词
⑴
already
（肯定句）
yet
（否定句和疑问句）
n ever, ever
（疑问句）
just
（谓语动词之前）
before
（句末）
—
Hasn' t Betty come yet?
—
No, and I for her for nearly 2 hours.
A. wait B. waited C. have waited D. had waited
⑵
in the past/last few years
（过去几年来）
so far
=
up to now
/
till now
/
by now
these days
since /ever si nee
+
过去时间点
for
+
时间段
①
si nee
+
—段时间
+
ago
=
for
+
时间段
；
si nee two weeks ago
=
for two weeks;
I have kept the library book for a week.
=
I have kept the library book since a week ago.
②
since
+
时间点
=
for
+
时间段
since 2000
=
for 8 years
（武汉市）
③
since
+
从句
(
常用一般过去时
)
The Gree ns have lived in Beiji ng since they moved to Beiji ng from Paris.
④
have got, has got
虽然是现在完成时
,
但
have got
=
have; has got
=
has
I have a new bike.
=
I have got a new bike.
◎英语的动词根据词义可分为两种，
可称为非延续性动词、瞬间动词或点动词
)
表示动作的发生与结束于一瞬间完成，
一种是延续性的，一种是终止性的，终止性动词
(
也
，如
begin, start, die, buy, leave, come
不能再延续，所以它的现在完成时不能和表示延续的
等
,
时间状语连用，既不能与表示一段时间的状语，
也不能用在以
how long
引导的特殊疑问句中。
for
+
时间段
，
since
+
时间点
/
从句连用，
I
'
ve left Shanghai for three days.
(x)
(V)
.
I
'
ve been away from Shanghai for three days.
I left Shan ghai three days ago.
(V)
终止性动词要表示持续时，可用以下方法：
⑴将时间状语改为时间段
+
ago
,
句中谓语动词用一般过去时。
eg. My brother joined the army two years ago.
我弟弟参军两年了。
⑵ 若保留
for
+
时间段，
si nee
+
时间点
/
从句，或用在
how long
句型中，则需将终止
性动词改为相应
的状态动词或延续性动词。
常见终止性动词与延续性动词< br>(
或状态动词
)
的对应关系如下
:
ope n---be ope n
close---be closed
borrow---keep
put on---wear
buy---have
end/finish
——
be
over
die---be dead
become---be
begi n/start---be on
leave---be away
sleep /fall asleep---be asleep
catch a cold---have a cold
(
from
)
come back
—
be back get up---be up come/go/arrive/get/reach/move---be in/at join the army---
be in the army/ be a soldier
join the Party---be in the Party /be a Party member
T
My brother has been in the army for two years.
My brother has bee n a soldier for two years.
T
1.
—
Bad luck! It
'
s too late!
—
It doesn
'
t matter. The movie for
only a few minutes. You can
'
t miss
it.
（潍坊市）
A. has beg un B. has bee n on
2.
—
You have
C. bega n D. was on
my dict ionary for two weeks.
（四川省南充市）
—
Sorry, I
'
II give it back to you right now.
A. lent B. borrowed C. kept
◎现在完成时中
been to, gone to
和
been in/at
（
1
）
been to
去过某地，表示某人的一种经历，可以和
once, twice, already, ever, never
等连用。
eg. She has been to Sha nghai twice.
（表示目前人在这里）
（
2
）
gone to
去某地了，说话时某人已离开此地，在去某地的途中或已在某地。
eg. She has gone to Sha nghai.
（表示现在她人不在这里）
（
3
）
been in/at
逗留在某地（已经有一段时间）
.
常和
for ten days, since I came
here
等连用。
eg. She has been in Sha nghai since she moved there.
—
Is Mr. Black at home?
—
Sorry, he isn
'
t in. He to Dalian for vacation.
（辽宁省十二市）
A. has gone B. went C. is going D. goes
◎现在完成时态和一般过去时态的区别
表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，
时表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生关系。如：
强调的是现在的情况。
而一般过去
I have read the book.
我看过这本书。（我了解这本书的内容）
（只说明上星期
我”看了这本书，
I read the book last week.
我上星期看了这本书。
不涉及现在的情况）
He has lived here since 2002. 2002
年以来他一直住在这里。（他现在还住在这里）
He lived here in 2002. 2002
年他住在这里。（不涉及他现在是否还住在这里）
—
China
'
s 24
th
scienee research team at
Changcheng Station on January
5,
2008.
—
Wonderful! Our scientists
a lot in this field already.
（哈尔滨市）
A. have arrived; improved B. arrived; has improved C. arrived; have improved
下面就给大家提供
10
句日常生活中极其常用的话，
语法：现在完成时。练熟这
这
10
个句子都包括了一条最重要的
10
个句子，语法也跟着运用自如！
1.1 haven
'
t seen you for a long time. How have you been?
我很久没见到你了。你好吗？
2.
I have already told you three times!
我已经跟你说了三次了！
3.
I
'
ve just heard that you
'
re married.
我刚听说你结婚了。
4.
She
'
s gone to work. She
'
ll be back around five.
她去上班了。她大概五点左右回来。
5.
I
'
ve never been to Hong Kong.
我从来没去过香港。
6.
I haven
'
t been abroad so far.
我至今还没有出过国。
7.
This is the best book I
'
ve ever read.
这是我读过的最好的书。
8.
Have you ever tried Thai food?
你吃过泰国菜吗？
9.
Have you decided on your major yet?
你决定读什么专业了吗？
10.
How long have you bee n here in China?
你在中国多久了？