现在完成时和过去完成时语法精讲
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2021年01月25日 01:25
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刘心武简介-
现在完成时
1.
定义
:过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或者结果。
2.
构成
:主语
+ have/has +
动词的过去分词
+
其它
.
3.
否定句
:主语
+ have/has + not +
动词的过去分词
+
其它
.
4.
疑问句
:
have/has +
主语
+
动词的过去分词
+
其它
5.
用法(四种)
:
(
1
)
表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
例句:
I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim.
( 过去的
时间收到一封信,接下来可能会提到信上的内容,说明收到信的这个动作对
现在有影响。
)
翻译:
我已经通过驾照考试并拿到了驾照了。
I have passed the driving exam and got a driving license.
(
2
)
表示过去发生的动作持续到现在,并可能持续下去。
例句:
He has been there for six months.
翻译:
我已经学了六年的英语了。
I have studied English for six years.
(
3
)
在时间或者条件状语从句中,表示将要发生的动作。
例句:
Tim will not be so excited if he has been to Australia before.
翻译:
我忙完工作就去图书馆找你。
I will see you in the library as soon as I have finished my work.
(
4
)
It has been +
一段时间
+since
从句(从句是用一般过去时)
。
例句:
It has been six months since Tim went to Australia.
翻译
:玛丽生病到现在已经三天了。
It has been three days since Mary was ill.
练一练:
1
、
Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _________what's happened to him .
A
. knew
B
. have known
C
. must know
D
.will know
2
、
I_______
a letter from him since he left
.
(天津市)
A
.
didn't receive B
.
haven't got C
.
didn't have D
.
haven't heard
3
、—
Where
have
you
_______
these
days
?
—
I
have_____
to
Dazhu
with
my
friends
.
A
.
been
;
gone B
.
been
;
been C
.
gone
;
been D
.
gone
;
gone
4
、
Have you met Mr Li ______
?
A
. just
B
. ago
C
.before
D
. a moment ago
5
、
His father ______ the Party since 1978 .
A
. joined
B
. has joined
C
. was in
D
. has been in
6
、
My parents ______ Shandong for ten years .
A
. have been in
B
. have been to
C
. have gone to
D
. have been
6.
现在完成时的标志
(
1
)
以
already, just
,
ever
,
never< br>和
yet
为标志
Already
表示“已经”
。用 在陈述句中,放在
have/has
之后,有时
也放在句末。
Already
也可用语疑问句中,但通常放在句末
,
表示希望
得到肯定的回答或者表示诧 异。
Just
表示“刚刚”
,通常放在
have/has
之后。
e.g. I have
already/jus
t finished my homework.
Have you finished your homework
yet
?
翻译:
她已经找到了她的自行车。
She has
already
found her bike.
她已经找到了她的自行车了?
Has she found her bike
yet
?
Ever, never, yet
常用语否定句或疑问句中。
Ever
用语疑问句中,表示“曾经”
,
放在
have/has
之后。
e.g. Have you ever been to Australia?
翻译:
你唱过这首英文歌吗?
Have you ever sung this English song?
Never
用语否定句中,意为“从不”
,放 在
have/has
后面。
e.g.I have never been to Beijing.
e.g.
I
haven
’
t
found
my
ruler
yet
.
(
yet
用于否定句,译为“还”)