2017年英语一试题
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2017
年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题
Section I Use of English
Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark
[A]
，
[B]
，
[C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may
be a resounding “yes!”
1 helping
you feel close and 2 to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a 3 of health
benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you 4 getting
sick this winter.
In
a
recent
study
5
over
400
healthy
adults,
researchers
from
Carnegie
Mellon
University
in
Pennsylvania
examined
the
effects
of
perceived
social
support
and
the
receipt
of
hugs
6
the
participants’ susceptibility to developing the common cold after bein
g 7 to the virus. People who
perceived greater social support were less likely to come 8 with a cold ,and the researchers 9
that
the
stress- reducing
effects
of
hugging
10
about
32
percent
of
that
beneficial
effect.
11
among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent
hugs had less severe 12 .
“Hugging protects people who are under stress from the
13
risk for colds that’s usually
14
with
stress,”
notes
Sheldon
Cohen,
a
professor
of
psychology
at
Carnegie.
Hugging
“is
a
marker of intimacy and helps 15 the feeling that others are there to help 16
difficulty.”
Some
experts
17
the
stress-reducing
,
health-related
benefits
of
hugging
to
the
release
of
oxytocin,
often
called
“the
bonding
hormone”
18
it
promotes
attachment
in
relationships,
including that between mother and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central
lower part of the brain, and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it 19 in the
brain, where it 20 mood, behavior and physiology.
1
．
[A] Unlike
[B] Besides
[C] Despite
[D] Throughout
[B] restricted
[C] equal
[D] inferior
2
．
[A] connected
[C] lesson
[D] host
3
．
[A] choice
[B] view
[C] avoid
[D] keep
4
．
[A] recall
[B] forget
[B] involving
[C] guiding
[D] affecting
5
．
[A] collecting
6
．
[A] of
[B] in
[C] at
[D] on
[D] attracted
7
．
[A] devoted
[B] exposed
[C] lost
8
．
[A] across
[B] along
[C] down
[D] out
[B] denied
[C] doubted
[D] imagined
9
．
[A] calculated
10
．
[A] served
[B] required
[C] restored
[D] explained
[C] Rather
[D] Thus
11
．
[A] Even
[B] Still
[C] tests
[D] errors
12
．
[A] defeats
[B] symptoms
[B] highlighted
[C] controlled
[D] increased
13
．
[A] minimized
[B] associated
[C] presented
[D] compared
14
．
[A] equipped
[C] generate
[D] record
15
．
[A] assess
[B] moderate
16
．
[A] in the face of
[B] in the form of
[C] in the way of
[D] in the name of
17
．
[A] transfer
[B] commit
[C] attribute
[D] return
18
．
[A] because
[B] unless
[C] though
[D] until
19
．
[A] emerges
20
．
[A] experiences
[B] vanishes
[B] combines
[C] remains
[C] justifies
[D] decreases
[D]influences
Section II: Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A],
[B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
（
40 points
）
Text 1
First two hours , now three hours
—
this is how far in advance authorities are recommending
people show up to catch a domestic flight , at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly
massive security lines.
Americans
are
willing
to
tolerate
time-consuming
security
procedures
in
return
for
increased
safety.
The
crash
of
Egypt
Air
Flight
804,which
terrorists
may
have
downed
over
the
Mediterranean
Sea,
provides
another
tragic
reminder
of
why.
But
demanding
too
much
of
air
travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process. And it
should:
Wasted time is a drag on Americans’ economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating.
Last
year,
the
Transportation
Security
Administration
(TSA)
found
in
a
secret
check
that
undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons---both fake and real
—
past airport security
nearly
every
time
they
tried .Enhanced
security
measures
since
then,
combined
with
a
rise
in
airline
travel
due
to
the
improving
economy
and
low
oil
prices,
have
resulted
in
long
waits
at
major airports such as Chicago’s O’Hare Inte
rnational .It is not yet clear how much more effective
airline security has become
—
but the lines are obvious.
Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel, so
the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only
so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack
their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.
There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to
hire:
Enroll
more
people
in
the
PreCheck
program.
PreCheck
is
supposed
to
be
a
win-win
for
travelers
and
the
TSA.
Passengers
who
pass
a
background
check
are
eligible
to
use
expedited
screening
lanes.
This
allows
the
TSA
to
focus
on
travelers
who
are
higher
risk,
saving
time
for
everyone involved. TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.
It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock. Passengers must
pay $$85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has
been PreCheck’s fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But
Congress
should
look
into doing
so
directly,
by
helping
to
finance PreCheck enrollment
or
to
cut
costs in other ways.
The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of
the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work.
21.
The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804 is mentioned to _____. [A] stress the urgency to strengthen
security worldwide
[B]
explain American’s tolerance of current security checks
[C]
highlight the necessity of upgrading major U.S. airports
[D]
emphasize the importance of privacy protection
22.
Which of the following contributes to long waits at major airports?
[A]
New restrictions on carry-on bags.
[B]
The declining efficiency of the TSA.
[C]
An increase in the number of travelers.
[D]
Frequent unexpected secret checks.
23.
The word “expedited” (Line 4, Para 5) is closest in meaning to ____.
[A]
quieter
[B]
cheaper [C] wider
[D] faster
24.
One problems withe the PreCheck program is______.
[A]
a dramatic reduction of its scale
[B]
its wrongly-directed implementation
[C]
the government’s reluctance to back it
[D]
an unreasonable price for enrollment
25.
Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
[A]
Less Screening for More Safety
[B]
PreCheck
——
a Belated Solution
[C]
Getting Stuck in Security Lines
[D]
Underused PreCheck Lanes
Text 2
“The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,” wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaii’s last reigning
monarch,
in
1897.
Star
watchers
were
among
the
most
esteemed
members
of
Hawaiian
society.
Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. Protests have erupted over construction of
the Thirty Meter Telescope(TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity’s
view of the cosmos.
At issue is the TMT’s planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some
Hawaiians as the piko , that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also
home to some of the world’s most powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna
Kea’s
peak
rises
above
the
bulk
of
our
planet’s
dense
atmosphere,
where
condit
ions
allow
telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.
Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians
and environmentalists have long viewed their presence as disrespect for sacred land and a painful
reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.
Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. In their eagerness to build bigger
telescopes,
they
forgot
that
science
is
the
only
way
of
understanding
the
world.
They
did
not
always prioritize the protection of Mauna Kea’s fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the island’s
inhabitants.
Hawaiian
culture
is
not
a
relic
of
the
past;
it
is
a
living
culture
undergoing
a
renaissance today.
Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. The same
curiosity
to
find
what
lies
beyond
the
horizon
that
first
brought
early
Polynesians
to
Hawaii’s
shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. Calls to disassemble all telescopes on
Mauna
Kea
or
to
ban
future
development
there
ignore
the
reality
that
astronomy
and
Hawaiian
culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we
are going. Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know
ourselves and our true ancestral homes.
The
astronomy
community
is
making
compromises
to
change
its
use
of
Mauna
Kea.
The
TMT
site
was
chosen
to
minimize
the
telescope’s
visibility
around
the
island
and
to
avoid
archaeological and environmental impact. To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea, old
ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state. There is
no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and
to study the stars.
26.
Queen Liliuokalani’s remark in Paragraph 1 indicates _______.
[A]
her conservative view on the historical role of astronomy
[B]
the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society
[C]
the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times
[D]
her appreciation of star watchers’ feats in her time
27.
Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to _______.
[A]
its geographical features
[B]
its protective surroundings
[C]
its religious implications
[D]
its existing infrastructure
28.
The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because _______.
[A]
it may risk ruining their intellectual life
[B]
it reminds them of a humiliating history
[C]
their culture will lose a chance of revival
[D]
they fear losing control of Mauna Kea
29.
It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today’s astronomy _______.
[A]
is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians
[B]
helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world
[C]
may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture
[D]
will eventually soften Hawaiians’ ho
stility
30.
The author’s attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of _______.
[A]
severe criticism
[B]
passive acceptance
[C]
slight hesitancy
[D]
full approval
Text 3
Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country’s GDP measures “everything except that which
makes
life
worthwhile.”
With
Britain
voting
to
leave
the
European
Union,
and
GDP
already
predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.
The
question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century. Many argue
that it is a flawed concept. It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do. By most
recent
measures,
the
UK’s
GDP
has
been
the
envy
of
the
Western
world,
with
record
low
unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was going so well, then why did over
17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country’s
economic prospects?
A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some
light on that question. Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers