2016年英语一试题家尔就尔无尔无斯一期零
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歌唱二小放牛郎教案-
2016
年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题
Section I: Use of English
Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark
A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not
only his parents and his friends,
１
those of the young women, but also a matchmaker. A young
man can 2 a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to 3 the marriage negotiations, or
the
young
man’s
parents
may
mak
e
the
choice
of
a
spouse,
giving
the
child
little
to
say
in
the
selection. 4 , a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. 5 a spouse has been selected,
each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying 6 a good family.
The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, 7 by the
1980s
it
more
commonly
lasted
a
day
and
a
half.
Buddhist
priests
offer
a
short
sermon
and
8
prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, 9 cotton threads soaked in
holy
water
around
the
bride’s
and
groom’s
wrists,
and
10
a
candle
around
a
circle
of
happily
married and respected couples to bless the 11
.Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife’s
parents and may 12 with them up to a year, 13 they can build a new house nearby.
Divorce is legal and easy to 14 , but not common. Divorced persons are 15 with some
disapproval.
Each
spouse
retains
16
property
he
or
she
17
into
the
marriage,
and
jointly
–
acquired
property
is
18
equally.
Divorced
persons
may
remarry,
but
a
gender
prejudice
19
up :The divorced male doesn’t have a waiting period before he can remarry
20 the woman must
wait ten months.
1.
[A] by way of
[B] on behalf of
[C] as well as
[D] with regard to
2.
[A] adapt to
[B] provide for
[C] compete with
[D] decide on
3.
[A] close
[B] renew
[C] arrange
[D] postpone
4.
[A] Above all [B] In theory [C] In time
[D] For example
5.
[A] Although [B] Lest
[C] After
[D] Unless
6.
[A] into
[B] within
[C] from
[D] through
7.
[A] sine
[B] but
[C] or
[D] so
8.
[A] copy
[B] test
[C] recite
[D] create
9.
[A] folding
[B] piling
[C] wrapping
[D] tying
10.
[A] passing
[B] lighting
[C] hiding
[D] serving
11.
[A] meeting
[B] collection
[C] association
[D] union
12.
[A] grow
[B] part
[C] deal
[D] live
13.
[A] whereas
[B] until
[C] if
[D] for
14.
[A] obtain
[B] follow
[C] challenge
[D]avoid
15.
[A] isolated
[B] persuaded
[C] viewed
[D] exposed
16.
[A] whatever [B] however
[C] whenever
[D] wherever
17.
[A] changed
[B] brought
[C] shaped
[D] pushed
18.
[A] withdrawn
[B] invested
[C] donated
[D] divided
19.
[A] breaks
[B] warms
[C] shows
[D] clears
20.
[A] so that
[B] while
[C] once
[D] in that
Section II: Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,
B, C, or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
Text 1
France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry
has
lost
an
absolute
right
to
define
physical
beauty
for
woman.
Its
lawmakers
gave
preliminary
approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways.
The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness” by promot
ing extreme
dieting.
Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined
by looks that end up impinging on
health. That’s a start. And the ban on ultra
-thin models seems to
go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death
–
as some have done. It tells the
fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage
girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.
The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to woman (and many men) that they should not let
others
be
arbiters
of
their
beauty.
And
perhaps
faintly,
they
hint
that
people
should
look
to
intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-
waist physiques.
The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that
still regards beauty as skin-deep ---and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that
does
not
meet
a
government-defined
index
of
body
mass
could
result
in
a $$85,000
fine
and
six
months in prison.
The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and
idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set
voluntary
standards
for
models
and
fashion
images
that
rely
more
on
peer
pressure
for
enforcement.
In
contrast
to
France’s
actions, Denmark’s
fashion
industry
agreed
last
month
on
rules
and
sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models .The newly revised Danish
Fashion Ethical charter clearly states: “we are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the
fashion
industry
has
on
body
ideals,
especially
on
young
people.”
The
charter’s
main
tool
of
enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion week
(CFW), which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute .But in general it relies on a name-and -shame
method of compliance.
Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the
best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of
a particular industry.
21. According to the first Paragraph, what would happen in France?
[A]
New runways would be constructed.
[B]
Physical beauty would be redefined.
[C]
Websites about dieting would thrive. [D] The fashion industry would decline.
22. The phrase “impinging on” (Line 2, Para. 2) is closest in meaning to
[A]
heightening the value of
[B]
indicating the state of
[C]
losing faith in
[D]
doing harm to
23. Which of the following is true of the fashion industry? [A]
New standards are being set in Denmark.
[B]
The French measures have already failed.
[C]
Models are no longer under peer pressure.
[D]
Its inherent problems are getting worse.
24. A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for __________
[A]
pursuing perfect physical conditions
[B]
caring too much about models’ character
[C]
showing little concern for health factors
[D]
setting a high age threshold for models
25. Which of the following may be the best title of the text?
[A]
A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals
[B]
A Dilemma for the Starving Models in France
[C]
Just Another Round of Struggle for Beauty
[D]
The Great Threats to the Fashion Industry
Text 2
For the first time in the history more people live in towns than in the country. In Britain this
has
had
a
curious
result.
While
polls
show
Britons
rate
“the
countryside”
alongside
the
royal
family, Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what make them proudest of their
country, this has limited political support.
A
century
ago
Octavia Hill
launched
the National Trust
not
to
rescue
stylish
houses
but
to
save
“the
beauty
of
natural
places
for
everyone
forever”.
It
was
specifically
to
provide
city
dwellers
with
spaces
for
leisure
where
they
could
experience
“a
refreshing
air”.
Hill’s
pressure
later led to the creation of national parks and green belts. They don’t make countryside any more,
and every year concrete consumes more of it. It needs constant guardianship.
At
the
next
election
none
of
the
big
parties
seem
likely
to
endorse
this
sentiment.
The
Conservatives’
planning
reform
explicitly
gives
rural
development
priority
over
conservation,
even authorizing “off–plan” building where local people might object. The concept of sustainable
development has been defined as profitable. Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning
where
councils
oppose
development.
The
Liberal
Democrats
are
silent.
Only
Ukip,
sensing
its
chance,
has
sides
with
those
pleading
for
a
more
considered
approach
to
using
green
land.
Its
Campaign to Protect Rural England struck terror into many local Conservative parties.
The sensible place to build new houses, factories and offices is where people are, in cities and
towns
where
infrastructure
is
in
place.
The
London
agents
Stirling
Ackroyed
recently
identified
enough sites for half of million houses in the London area alone, with no intrusion on green belt.
What is true of London is even truer of the provinces.
The idea that “housing crisis” equals “concreted meadows” is pure lobby talk. The issue is not
the
need
for
more
houses
but,
as
always,
where
to
put
them.
Under
lobby
pressure,
George
Osborne
favours
rural
new-build
against
urban
renovation
and
renewal.
He
favours
out-of-town
shopping
sites
against
high streets.
This
is
not
a
free
market
but
a
biased
one. Rural
towns
and
villages have grown and will always grow. They do so best where building sticks to their edges
and respects their character. We do not ruin urban conservation areas in this way. Why ruin rural
ones?
Development should be planned, not let rip. After the Netherlands, Britain is Europe’s most
crowed country. Half a century of town and country planning has enabled it to retain an enviable
rural
coherence,
while
still
permitting
low-density
urban
living.
There
is
no
doubt
of
the
alternative---the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal, Spain or Ireland. Avoiding this rather
than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.
26. Britain’s public sentiment about the countryside __________
[A]
didn’t start till the Shakespearean age
[B]
has brought much benefit to the NHS
[C]
is fully backed by the royal family
[D]
is not well reflected in politics
27. According to paragraph 2
，
the achievements of the National Trust are now being_____
[A]
gradually destroyed
[B]
effectively reinforced
[C]
largely overshadowed
[D]
properly protected
28. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 3? [A]
Labour is under attack for opposing development.
[B] The Conservatives may abandon “off
-
plan” building. [C]
The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence.
[D]
Ukip
may
gain
from
its
support
for
rural
conservation.
29.
The author holds that George Osborne’s preference ________
[A]
highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure
[B]
shows his disregard for the character of rural areas
[C]
stresses the necessity of easing the housing crisis
[D]
reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas
30. In the last paragraph, the author show his appreciation of________
[A]
the size of population in Britain
[B]
the political life in today’s Britain
[C]
the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain
[D]
the town-and-country planning in Britain
Text 3
“
There is one and only one social responsibility of business,” wrote Milton Friedman, a Nobel
Prize-
winning
economist.
“That
is,
to
use
its
resources
and
engage
in
activities
designed
to
increase
its
profits.”
But
even
if
you
accept
Friedman’s
premise
and
r
egard
corporate
social
responsibility
(CSR)
policies
as
a
waste
of
shareholders’
money,
things
may
not
be
absolutely
clear-cut.
New
research
suggests
that
CSR
may
create
monetary
value
for
companies
---at
least
when they are prosecuted for corruption.
The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $$15 billion a year on CSR,
according to an estimate by EPG, a consulting firm. This could add value to their businesses in
three ways. First, consumers may take CSR spending as a “signal” that
a company’s products are
of high quality. Second, customers may be willing to buy a company’s products as an indirect way
to donate to the good causes it helps. And third, through a more diffuse “halo effect”, whereby its
good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.