(完整版)情态动词的用法和练习题
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情态动词的用法和练习题
情态动词的用法和练习
1
、
can
和
could (could
为
can
的过去式
)
的基本用法
(1)
表示能力,如:
He can speak English better than you.
(2)
在疑问句和否定句中表示“怀疑”、“猜测”或“可能性”,如:
Can
this
green
bike be Liu Dong's?
(3)
表示“许可”时
can
可以和
may
换用,如:
Y ou can (may) go home now.
(4)
如果要表示语气婉转 ,
可用
could
代替
can
,这时
could
不 再是
can
的过去式,
如:
Could you come again tomorrow?
(5)can
和
be able to
都可表 示能力,两者在意思上没有什么区别。但是
can
只能有现
在式和过去式,而
be able to
则有更多的形式,如:
He will be able to do the work better.
2
、
may
和
might (might
为
may
的过去式
)
的基本用法
(1)
表示允许或征询对方许可,有“可以”之意,如:
You may use my dictionary.
在回答对方说“可以做某事”或“不可以做某事”时,一般多不用
may
或
may
not
,以
避免语气生硬或不容气。
而用比较婉转的说法进 行回答。
如:
---- May I use this dictionary?
----
Yes,
please.
或
----
Certainly.
在请求对方许可时,如果
Might
I
…
?
就比用
May
I
…
?
语气更婉转些,
如:
May I have a look at your new computer?
但是表示“阻止”或“禁止”
对方做某事时,
要用
must not
代替
may not
,
如:
---- May we swim in this lake? ---- No, you
mustn
’
t. It
’
s too dangerous.
(2)may
或
might
都可 以表示可能性,表示“或许”、“可能”之意,如果用
might
表示可能性,则语气更加不肯 定,如:
They
may (might) be in the library now .
3
、
must
的基本用法
(1)must
表示“必须”、
“应该”之意,
其否定式
must not
,缩写形式为
mustn't
,
表示“不应该”,
“不准”、
“不许可”或“禁止”之意,
如:
We must study hard and make
progress every day. You mustn't touch the fire.
(2)
对以
m ust
提出的疑问句,如作否定回答时,要用
needn't
或用
don't
(doesn't) have
to
(
不
必
)
来回答,而不用
mustn't
,因为
mustn't
表示的是“ 禁止”或“不许可”之意,
如:
---- Must we finish the work tomorrow? ---- No, you needn't (don't have to), but you must
finish
it in three days. (3)
在肯定句中
must
可以表示推测,表示“一定”或“必定”之< br>意,如:
---- Whose new bike can it be? ---- It must be Liu Dong's. I know his father has just
bought him a new one.
4
、
can, could, may, must
后接完成式的用法
1
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8
情态动词的用法和练习题
(1)can, could
后接完成式的用法:
①在否定句或疑问句中表示对过去发生过的事情的
“怀疑”或“不肯定”的态度,
Co uld he have said so?
②在肯定句中,可以表示过去可能
做到而实际并 没做到的事情,
有“劝告”或“责备”的语气。
如:
---- When did you answer
her letter? ---- Only yesterday. ---- It's too late. You could have answered it earlier, I am sure.
(2)may, might
后接完成式的用法
①表示对过去某事的推测,
认为某一件事情在 过去
可能发生了。
如果使用
might
,
语气就比较婉转或更加不肯 定,
如:
Mary might have learned
some Chinese before.
②可以表示过去本来可以做到而实
际没有做到的事情,
有“劝告”
或“责备”的语气,如:
You didn't do the work well that day. You might have done it better.
(3)must
后接完成式的用法:表示对过去某事的推测,认为某事在过去一定做到
了,
如:
Liu Dong isn
’
t in the classroom. He must have gone to the library.
5
、
have to
的基本用法:
have to
和
must
的意义相近,只是
must
侧重表示说话人的
主观看法,而
have to
则表示客观需要,如:
I must study hard. I had to give it up because of
illness.
6
、
ought to
的基本用法
(l)
表示根据某种义务或必要“应当”做某事,
语气比
should
强,
例如:
Everyone ought
to obey the traffic regulations.
(2)
表示推测,注意与
must
表示推测时的区别:
He must be home by now .(
断定他已
到家
)
,
He ought to be home by now .(
不十分肯定
)
,
This is where the oil must be.(
比较直
率
)
,
This is where the oil ought to be. (
比较含蓄
)
;
(3)
“
ought + have+
过去分词”表示过去应做某事而
实际未做。例如:
You ought to
have helped him. (but you didn
’
t)
这时,
ought
与
should
可以互相换用。注意,在美国英
语中
ought
to
用于否定和疑问句时
to
可以省略。例如:
Ought
you
smoke
so
much?
You
oughtn
’
t smoke so much.
7
、
dare
的基本用法
(l)dare (dared
为其过去式
)
作情态动词用时,< br>主要用于否定句,
疑问句和条件从句中,
如:
Dared he break the traffic regulations again?
(2)
在现代英 语中
dare
常用作行为动词,其变化与一般行为动词相同,如:
She dares
to stay at home alone at night.
8
、
need
的基本用法
(1)need
作情态动词用时,主要用于否定句和疑问句中,如:
He
needn't
worry
about
us now.
< br>(2)need
也可作为行为动词用,可用于肯定句,否定句和疑问句中,其后可接名词、
代词、
动名词或带
to
的动词不定式为其宾语。
如:
You need to practise reading aloud every
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情态动词的用法和练习题
day. (3)needn't
后接完成式可以表示过去做了一件本来不必要做的事情,如:
---- Did you
answer the letter yesterday? ---- Yes, I did. ---- But you needn
’
t have answered it.
9
、
shall
的基本用法
(1)sh all
用作情态动词时,
用于第二、
三人称,
表示说活人的意愿,
可 表示“命令”、
“警告”、“强制”、“威胁”或“允诺”等意,如:
He shall go first, whether he wants
to or not.
(2)
在疑问句中,
shall
用于第一、三人称,表示说话人的征询对方意见或请求指示,
如:
Shall I open the door?
10
、
should
的基本用法
(1)should作为情态动词可以表示“建议”或“劝告”,有“应该”之意,如:
You
should learn from each other.
(2)should
后接完成式表 示过去没有做到本来应该做的事情,或是做了本来不应该做
的事情。如:
You should have give him more help.
11
、
will
的基本用法
(1)
用于各人称,
可以表示“意志”或“决心”,
如:
I have told him again and again to
stop smoking, but he will not listen.
(2)
在疑问句中用于第二人称 ,表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问对方的意愿,如:
Will you please tell me how to get to the Capital Gymnasium? (3)will
可以表示一种习惯性的
动作,有“总是”或“会要”之意,如:
Every morning he will have a walk along this river.
12
、
would
的基本用法
(1)would
作为
will
的过去式,可用于各人称,表示过去时间的“意志”或“决心”,
如:< br>He promised
he would never smoke again.
( 2)
在疑问句中,用于第二人称,表示说话人向对方提出请求或许问对方的意愿时,
比用
will
的气更加婉转,如:
Would you like some more coffee?
(3)
在日常生活中,
学用“
I would like to
…”表示“我想要”或“我愿意”之意,
以
使语气婉转,如:
I would like to do Ex.2 first.
(4)would
可以表示过去的习惯动作,比
used to
正式,并没有“现已无此习惯”的含
义。如:
Last year our English teacher would sometimes tell us stories in English after class. /
During the vacation he would visit me every week.
(5)
表料想或猜想,如:
It would be about ten when he left home./ What would she be
doing there?/ I thought he would have told you about it.
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8
情态动词的用法和练习题
13
、
used to, had better, would rather
的用法
(1)used to
表示过去的习惯动作或状态,现 在已不存在,在间接引语中,其形式可不
变,例如:
He told us he used to play foot ball when he was young.
在疑问句、否定句、否
定疑问句或强调句中,可有两种形式。疑问句:
Did you use to/ Used you to go to the same
school as your brother?
否定句:
I usedn
’
t to / didn
’
t use to go there. (usedn
’
t
也可写作
usen
’
t);否定疑问句:
Usen
’
t you to/ Didn
’
t you use to be interested in the theatre?
强调
句:
I certainly used to/ did use to smoke, but it was a long time ago.
;
其反意疑问句或简略回
答中,也有两种形式:
She used to be very fat. didn
’
t she?/ use(d)n
’
t she? Did you use to
play chess? Yes, I did./ Used you to get up early in the morning? Yes, I did./ used to.
(2)had better
意为“最好”,后接不带
to
的不定式,例如:
---- We had better go now .
---- Yes, we had (we'd better/ we had better)./ Hadn
’
t we better stop now? (Had we better not
stop now?)/ I think I
’
d better be going. (
用于进行时态,表“最好立即”
)/ You had better
have done that (
用于完成时态,表未完成动作
)
注:
had better
用于同辈或小辈,对长辈不
可用。
(3)would rather
意为“宁愿”,
表选择,
后接不带
to
的不定式,
例如:
I
’
d rather not
say anything./ Would you rather work on a farm?/ ---- Wouldn
’
t you rather stay here? ---- No,
I would not. I
’
d rather go there.
由于
would rather
表选择,
因
而后可接
than
,
例如:
I would
rather work on a farm than in a factory. / I would rather watch TV than go to see the film/ I
would rather lose a dozen cherry trees than that you should tell me one lie./ I
’
d rather you
didn
’
t talk about this to anyone. (
句中的
'd rather
不是情态动词,
would
在此是表愿望的
实义动词
)
情态动词练习
1. If they _________ to do this work, he might do it some other way.
A. were
B. should
C. will
D. can
2.
I was told yesterday that the company _________ me to Rome next week for a
business conference.
A. should have sent
B. were going to send
C. should be sending
D. should send
3. Let's take a walk, ________?
A. will we
B. don't we
C. do we
D. shall we
4. He was a good swimmer so he _________ swim to the river bank when the boat sank.
A. could
B. might
C. should
D. was able to
5.
I went to the doctor's yesterday, I had to wait for half an hour before he ________ see
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