五年级【英语】英语阅读理解应试技巧
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部编五年级【英语】英语阅读理解应试技巧
阅读是增长知识获取信息的主要途径,阅读能力是英语教学的重点。
近年来,注重对 阅读理解能力的考核已成为小升初的一大趋势。阅读理解能力影响并制约
听、说、读、写能力的形成和发 展,英语教学大纲也把培养阅读能力作为一个主要的教学
目标。要做好阅读理解,应从以下几方面入手。
分门别类识别文体
随着信息时代的到来,阅读内容更趋于信息化、时代化 ,突破了单一的故事、寓言等题
材,内容涉及新闻、广告、科普、医疗、教育等,文章的体裁也从记叙扩 大到产品说明、
逻辑推理及实际应用等文体。不同的文体阅读的要求与方法不尽相同。
记叙文阅读主要抓四大要素,即时间、地点、人物和事件起因、发展和结果,以及人物之
间的关系、表 现,从中分析他们思想品质、性格特征等;议论文是阐明作者对人或事好坏
的立场观点,因此在阅读时必 须正确把握文章的论点和论据,理清论证思路,再进行逻辑
推理得出结论;应用文是最贴近日常生活的文 体,它包括通知、广告、便条、申请书、个
人简历,形式多样,题材各异,如图示、表格、地址、网址等 ,对这类文体的阅读应简明
扼要地抓住所需信息,理解文章内容。
统览全篇摘录要点
阅读理解是对整个文章的目的、意图、观点、立场、态度以及内在 的逻辑关系的理解,而
不是断章取义的一孔之见,所以统览全篇和问题是很有必要的,这些问题会给你提 供信息
或暗示文章中的一些重要细节。
如某试卷
C
篇阅读并回答问 题中,通过对全篇的布局谋篇以及问题的设置看到的不是片言
只语,而从中感悟到人文思想的体现,人类 和自然界生态相辅相成的关系,从而得出第
6
小题:
From the passage, we learn that
___
.
答案为
B
。
即:
The rainforest people have done something to protect their home.
在统览全篇的同时要 注意要点的摘录,因为一些显性的答案是可以从要点中直接回答,而
隐性的答案则是要通过对全篇的理解 才能得出。统览全篇,摘录要点亦有利于检查时节省
时间。
开动脑筋推测词意
英语学科教学基本要求规定,学生能根据上下文推测词义,并能不 借助词典读懂含有
3%
生词的语言材料,换言之,这就是促使学生的知识内化的过程,学生要通 过知识内化将内
隐的心理活动转换为外显的行为,可以借助以下的几种方法完成内化过程:
根据上下文猜测词意
如某模拟题,阅读
B
篇中
passed away
,根据上文的
An illness had kept the boy home .
和下文
写给
Rick
的信中可以猜测出意为
去世
。
根据构词法猜测词意
前缀
un-
表反义词, 如:
happy
--
unhappy
,
fair
--
unfair
,
important
--
unimportant
等。
后缀
-ment
表名词,如:
develop
--< br>development
,
state
--
statement
,
argue
--
argument
等。
后缀
-er
、
-or
或
-ist
表同源名词,如:
calcul ate
--
calculator
,
visit
--
-vi sitor
,
law
--
lawyer
,
wai
- -
waiter
,
science
--
scientist
,
art
--
artist
等。
用知识和生活经验理解短文
如:根据化学知识,可以理解科普读物
Water is made from oxygen and hydrogen.
根据生活经
验可以理解
Green plants let out oxygen and breathe in carbon dioxide.
根据逻辑推理理解短文
逻辑推理实际上就是文章的
弦外之音
、
言下之意
。如:某试卷阅读
C
篇回答问题中,
根据:
Have the police taken your driving licence away, too?
可以推断问题
6
:
Why was the
other man riding a bicycle instead of diving a car?
的答案为:
Because the police had take his
driving license away.
再如:
Then they cam e to the second picture. The assistant was going to draw the cloth as he did
before. As soon as he touched the cloth
,
he cried, Wonderful It's the best picture I have ever seen!
据此可以推断出第二张画画的是一块布。
条分缕析理解长句
< br>长句是初中生阅读理解的难点之一,长句中通常包含并列、复合、倒装等结构,对于这类
句子要分 清主次,先找出句子的主、谓、宾、定、状、补,再找出修饰它的从句或短语
等。如:
Pare nts whose children show a special interesting particular sport have a difficult
decision to make about their children's career.
先找出本句的主、谓、宾为
Parents have a cession.
再找出修饰语
Whose children show a special interesting particular sport.
为
Pare nts
的定语从
句,
difficult
修饰
decision,
to make about their children's careers
为 不定式做
decision
的定
语。经过分析,化整为零,化繁为简,此句就不难理解 了。
二、阅读理解
2
.
阅读理解阅读短文,判断句子正(正确)误(错误)。
My
name
is
Lily.
This
is my
house.
There
are
five rooms
in
my
house.
This
is
my
father
and
mother's room. There are three pictures on the wall. There is a desk near the window. There are
two chairs behind the desk. On the left of the room, there is a toilet. On the right, it's my room.
There are four pictures and a poster on the wall.
(
1
)
This is Lily's house.
(
2
)
There are four rooms in the house.
(
3
)
There are three pictures in Lily's room.
(
4
)
There are two chairs and a desk in father and mother's room.
(
5
)
The toilet is on the left of my father and mother's room.
【答案】
(
1
)
1
(
2
)
0
(
3
)
0
(
4
)
1
(
5
)
1
【解析】
【分析】本文大意:我 的名字是莉莉。这是我的家。我家有五间房子。这是我爸
爸妈妈的房间。那有三张画挂在墙上。窗户旁边 有一张桌子。有两把椅子在桌子后面。在
这间房屋的左边是厕所。在右边,是我的房间。那有四张画和一 张海报挂在墙上。
(
1
)这是莉莉的家,正确。
(
2
)家里有四个房间,错误。
(
3
)莉莉的房间有三张画,错误。
(
4
)爸爸妈妈的房间有两把椅子和一张桌子,正确。
(
5
)厕所在爸爸妈妈房间的左边,正确。
【点评】本题考查的是学生综合运用英语的能力,需要学生有一定的语言积累。
3
.
阅读理解阅读短文,填入所缺单词完成句子
Summer is hot but don't stay at home all the time. It is a sunny day. The wind blows gently.
Jimmy and his friends go camping with their teacher, Miss Li.
They drive for an hour and find a beautiful place in the countryside (
乡村
). The place has a
mountain, a lake and a forest. It is a great place for camping. Jimmy and his friends help Miss Li
set up the camp. Then, they play.
The lake looks nice. It is not deep (
深
), but it is very clean. Joe and Jimmy go fishing. They sit
and wait for a long time. They don't move because fishing is a quiet sport.
The mountain is nice too. Sue and Mary climb the mountain. Hiking is their favourite sport. It
makes them strong.
Jack and Ann find a small path to the forest. They go biking in the forest. It's fun but they can't
go too far or ride too quickly.
Johnny is a fat boy. He doesn't like playing or doing sports. Miss Li says:
your body. Sport is good for you. Let's play badminton together.
(
1
)
The sun is ________. The wind ________ gently.
(
2
)
Jimmy, his friends and Miss Li go to the ________ by car.
(
3
)
There is a mountain, ________ and ________ in the place. It is good for ________.
(
4
)
Fishing is a ________ sport. We can't ________ all the time.
(
5
)
Biking
is
________.
But
if
you
go
biking
in
the
forest,
don't
go
too
________or
ride
too
________.
(
6
)
________ is Mary's favourite sport. It makes her ________.
(
7
)
Johnny is too fat. He ________ to move his body and do some ________. So Miss Li and
Johnny play ________ together.
【答案】
(
1
)
shining
;
bl ows
(
2
)
countryside
(
3
)
a lake
;
a forest
;
camping