优化设计答案五年级下册数学
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2017
年
12
月大学英语四级考试真题（第二套）
Part
I
Writing
(30
minutes)
Directions:
For this part,
you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short easy
on
how to
best
handle
the
relationship
between
doctors
and
patients.
You
should write at least 120 words but no
more than 180 words.
Part
III
Reading Comprehension
(40 minutes)
Section A
Directions:
In this section, there is
a
passage with ten blanks. You are required to
select
one
word
for
each
blank
from
a
list
of
choices
given
in
a
word
bank following the passage. Read the
passage through carefully before
making
your
choices.
Each
choice
in
the
bank
is
identified
by
a
letter.
Please mark the
corresponding letter for each item on
Answer Sheet 2
with a single
line through the centre. You may not use any of
the words
in the bank more than
once.
Questions
26 to 35 are based on the following passage.
Technological changes brought dramatic
new options to Americans living in the
1990s.
During
this
decade
new
forms
of
entertainment,
commerce,
research,
and
communication became commonplace in the
U.S. The driving force behind much of
this change was a(n) (26)_____
popularly known as the Internet.
The
Internet was developed during the 1970s by the
Department of Defense. In
the
case
of
an
attack,
militaryadvisers
suggested
the
(27)_____
of
being
able
to
operate one computer from another
terminal. In the early days, the Internet was used
mainly by scientists to communite with
other scientists. The Internet (28)_____ under
government control until 1984.
One early problem faced by
Internet users wasa speed. Phone lines
could only
transmit
information
at
a
(29)_____
rate.
The
development
of
fiber-optic
(
光纤
)
cables
allowed
for
billions
of
bits
of
information
to
be
received
every
minute.
Companies like Intel
developed faster microprocessors, so personal
computers could
process the (30)_____
signals at a more rapid speed.
In
the
early
1990s,
the
World
Wide
Web
was
developed,
in
large
part,
for
(31)_____ purposes. Corprations created
home pages where they could place text and
graphics
to
sell
products.
Soon
airline
tickets,
hotel
(32)_____,
and
even
cars
and
homes could be purpased
online. Universities (33)_____ research data on
the Internet,
so
students
could
find
(34)_____
information
without
leaving
their
dormitories.
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Companies soon discovered that work
could be done at home and (35)_____ online,
so
a
whole
new
class
of
telecommuters
began
to
earn
a
living
from
home
offices
unshaven and wearing
pajamas(
睡衣
).
A) advantage
I) maintained
J) occupations
K) posted
L) remained
M) reservations
N) submitted
O) valuable
B) commercial
C) conversation
D) equipped
E)
incoming
F) innovation
G) limited
H)
local
Section B
Directions:
In
this
section,
you
are
going
to
read
a
passage
with
ten
statements
attached to
it. Each statement
contains
information given in
one of
the
paragraphs.
Identify
the
paragraph
from
which
the
information
is
derived. You may choose a paragraph
more than once. Each paragraph
is
marked
with
a
letter.
Answer
the
question
by
marking
the
corresponding letter on
Answer Sheet 2
.
The Health Benefits of
Knitting
A) About 15 years ago, I was
invited to join a knitting group. I agreed to give
it a try.
B) My mother had taught me to
knit at 15, and I knitted in class throughout
college
and for a few years thereafter.
Then decades passed without my touching a knitting
needle. But within two Mondays in the
group, I was hooked, not only on knitting but
also
on
crocheting
(
钩织
),
and
I
was
on
my
way
to
becoming
a
highly
productive
crafter.
C) I have made
countless baby blankets, sweaters, vests, shawls,
scarves, hats, mittens,
caps for
newborns.
I take a knitting project
with me everywhere, especially
when
I
have to
sit still and listen. As I had discovered in
college, when my hands are busy,
my
mind stays focused on the here and now.
D) It seems, too, that
I
’
m part of a national
renewal of interest in needle and other
handicrafts
(
手工艺
). The Craft Yarn
Council reports that a third of women ages 25 to
35 now knit or crochet. Even men and
schoolchildren are swelling the ranks, among
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them
my
friend’s
three
grandsons.
Last
April,
the
council
created
a
“Stitch
Away
Stress” campaign in honor of National
Stress Awareness Month. Dr. Herbert Benson,
a pioneer in mind/body medicine and
author of The Relaxation Response, says that
the repetitive action of needlework can
induce a relaxed state like that associated with
meditation (
沉思
)
and yoga. Once you get beyond the initial learning
curve, knitting
and crocheting can
lower heart rate and blood pressure.
E)
But unlike meditation, craft activities result in
tangible and often useful products
that
can enhance self-esteem. I keep photos of my
singular accomplishments on my
cellphone to boost my spirits when
needed.
F) Since the 1990s,
the council has surveyed hundreds of
thousands of knitters
and
crocheters, who routinely list stress
relief and creative fulfillment as the
activities
’
main
benefits. Among them is the father of a
prematurely born daughter who reported
that
during
the
baby’s
five
weeks
in
the
intensive
care
unit,
“learning
how
to
knit
infant hats gave me a
sense of purpose during a time that I felt very
helpless. It’s a
hobby
that
I’ve
stuck
with,
and
it
continues
to
help
me
cope
with
stress
at
work,
provide
a sense of order in hectic
(
忙乱的
) days, and allows my
brain time to solve
problems.
”
G) A recent email from the yarn
(
纺纱
) company Red Heart
titled
＂
Health Benefits
of
Crocheting
and
Knitting
＂
prompted
me
to
explore
what
else
might
be
known
about the health value of activities
like knitting. My research revealed that the
rewards
go well beyond replacing stress
and anxiety with the satisfaction of creation.
H)
For
example,
Karen
Hayes,
a
life
coach
in
Toronto,
conducts
knitting
therapy
programs,
including
Knit
to
Quit
to
help
smokers
give
up
the
habit,
and
Knit
to
Heal for
people
coping
with
health
crises,
like
a
cancer
diagnosis
or
a
family
member
’
s serious
illness. Schools and prisons with craft programs
report that they
have a calming effect
and enhance social skills. And having to follow
instructions on
complex craft projects
can improve children’s math skills.
I)
Some
people
find
that
craftwork
helps
them
control
their
weight.
Just
as
it
is
challenging
to
smoke
while
knitting,
when
hands
are
holding
needles
and
hooks,
there
’
s less
snacking and mindless eating out of boredom.
J)
I
’
ve
found
that
my
handiwork
with
yarn
has
helped
my
arthritic
(
患关节炎的
)
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fingers remain more dexterous
(
灵巧的
) as I age. A woman
encouraged to try knitting
and
crocheting after developing an autoimmune disease
that caused a lot of hand pain
reported
on the Craft Yarn Council site that her hands are
now less stiff and painful.
K) A 2009
University of British Columbia study of 38 women
with an eating disorder
who were taught
to knit found that learning the craft led to
significant improvements.
Seventy-four
percent
of
the
women
said
the
activity
lessened
theor
fears
and
kept
them from thinking
about their problem.
L) Betsan
Corkhill, a wellness coach in Bath, England, and
author of the book Knit
for Health &
Wellness, established a website, Stitchlinks, to
explore the value of what
she calls
therapeutic knitting. Among her respondents, 54
percent of those who were
clinically
depressed said that knitting made them feel happy
or very happy. In a study
of 60 self-
selected people with persistent pain, Ms. Corkhill
and colleagues reported
that
knitting
enabled
them
to
redirect
their
focus,
reducing
their
awareness
of
pain.
She suggested that the
brain can process just so much at once and that
activities like
knitting and crocheting
make it harder for the brain to register pain
signals. Perhaps
most
exciting
is
research
that
suggests
that
crafts
like
knitting
and
crocheting
may
help to keep off a decline in brain
function with age. In a 2011 study, researchers
led
by Dr. Yonas Geda at the Mayo
Clinic in Rochester interviewed a random
(
随机的
)
sample of
1,321 people ages 70 to 89, most of whom were
cognitively (
在认知方面
)
normal, about the cognitive activities
they engaged in late in life. The study, published
in
The
Journal
of
Neuropsychiatry
&
Clinical
Neurosciences,
found
that
those
who
engaged in crafts like knitting and
crocheting had a diminished chance of developing
mild cognitive disorder and memory
loss.
M) Although it is possible that
only people who are cognitively healthy would
pursue
such
activities,
those
who
read
newspapers
or
magazines
or
played
music
did
not
show
similar
benefits.
The
researchers
speculate
that
craft
activities
promote
the
development of nerve
pathways in the brain that help to maintain
cognitive health.
N) In support of that
suggestion, a 2014 study by Denise C. Park of the
University of
Texas
at
Dallas
and
colleagues
demonstrated
that
learning
to
knit
or
do
digtial
photography
enhanced
memory
function
in
older
adults.
Those
who
engaged
in
activities that were not intellectually
challenging, either in a social group or alone,
did
not show such improvements.
O) Given that sustained social contacts
have been shown to support health and a long
life,
those
wishing
to
maximize
the
health
value
of
crafts
might
consider
joining
a
group of like-minded
folks. I for one try not to miss a single weekly
meeting of my
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