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2021年2月23日发(作者：哥哥爱上妹妹)

Land

Land is a delineable

[

di

ˈ

linieit< /p>

]

area of the earth's terrestrial

[

ti

ˈ< /p>

restri

ə

l

]

surface, encompassing

all

attributes

of

the

biosphere

immediately

above

or

below

this

surface

including

those

of

the

near- surface

climate

the

soil

and

terrain

forms,

the

surface

hydrology

(including

shallow

lakes,

rivers, marshes, and swamps

[

sw

ɔ

mp

]

), the near-surface sedimentary

/ˌsedɪˈ

ment

ə

ri/

(

沉淀性的

)

layers and associated groundwater reserve, the plant and animal populations, the human settlement

pattern

and

physical

results

of

past

and

present

human

activity

(terracing,

water

storage

or

drainage structures, roads, buildings, etc.

[

et

ˈ

set

ə

r

ə

]

(=et cetera)

). (UN, 1994)

Land use

Land

use

is

the

human

modification

of

natural

environment

or

wilderness

into

built

environment such as fields, pastures, and settlements. The major effect of land use on land cover

since 1750 has been deforestation of temperate regions. More recent significant effects of land use

include

urban

sprawl,

soil

erosion,

soil

degradation,

salinization

[

s

ə

lini'zei

ʃ

ə

n

]

,

and

desertification.

Land-use

change,

together

with

use

of

fossil

fuels,

are

the

major

anthropogenic

sources of carbon dioxide, a dominant greenhouse gas. It has also been defined as

arrangements, activities, and inputs that people undertake in a certain land cover type

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Land cover

Land cover corresponds to a (bio) physical description of the earth's surface. It is that which

overlays or currently covers the ground. This description enables various biophysical categories to

be

distinguished

-

basically,

areas

of

vegetation

(trees,

bushes,

fields

and

lawn),

bare

soil,

hard

surfaces (rocks, buildings) and wet areas and bodies of water (watercourses

水流

(

河床

), wetlands).

There are two primary methods for capturing information on land cover: field survey and thorough

analysis

of

remotely

sensed

imagery.

The

nature

of

land

cover

is

discussed

in

Comber

et

al.

(2005).

A Comber, P Fisher, R Wadsworth. What is land cover? Environment and Planning B: Planning

and Design, 2005

Difference

Land

use

corresponds

to

the

socio- economic

description

(functional

dimension)

of

areas:

areas

used

for

residential,

industrial

or

commercial

purposes,

for

farming

or

forestry,

for

recreational or conservation purposes, etc. Links with land cover are possible; it may be possible

to infer land use from land cover and conversely. But situations are often complicated and the link

is not so evident. Contrary to land cover, land use is difficult to 'observe'. For example, it is often

difficult to decide if grasslands are used or not for agricultural purposes. Distinctions between land

use and land cover and their definition have impacts on the development of classification systems,

data collection and information systems in general. (UNEP)

Land cover is distinct from land use despite the two terms often being used interchangeably.

Land use is a description of how people utilize the land and socio-economic activity - urban and

agricultural land uses are two of the most commonly recognised high-level classes of use. At any

one point or place, there may be multiple and alternate land uses, the specification of which may

have a political dimension.

Land management

Land management can be defined as the process of managing the use and development (in both

urban and suburban settings) of land resources in a sustainable way. Land resources are used for a

variety of purposes which interact and may compete with one another; therefore, it is desirable to

plan and manage all uses in an integrated manner.

Land administration

The

concepts

of

land

administration

are

the

reflection

of

views

on

land

properties.

In

China,

scholars

hold

ideas

that

land

administration

is

the

process

of

organization,

coordination,

supervision and management on land resources, land use, land property rights and land profit with

political instruments for sake of whole society.

Other

studies

on

land

administration,

cadastral

[

k

ə'dæstrə

l

]

titles

and

land

market,

urban

land

administration,

and

land

sustainable

conservation,

altogether

make

these

factors-land

resources

management,

land

assets

supervision

and

land

political

governance

for

sustainability

constitute

foundation of land administration.

Difference

There are many factors according to which administration can be distinguished from management.

From the nature of work

, administration is concerned about the determination of objectives and

major policies of an organization; management puts into action the policies and plans laid down

by

the

administration.

From

the

nature

of

status

,

administration

consists

of

owners

who

invest

capital in and receive profits from an enterprise; management is a group of managerial personnel

who use their specialized knowledge to fulfill the objectives of an enterprise.

From Main functions

,

administration involves in planning and organizing functions; management involves in motivating

and controlling functions.

Land use planning

Land use planning is the term used for a branch of public policy which encompasses

[

in

ˈ

k

ʌ

mp< /p>

ə

s

]

various

disciplines

which

seek

to

order

and

regulate

the

use

of

land

in

an

efficient

and

ethical

/ˈeθɪ

k

ə

l/

way.

Despite

confusing

nomenclature

n

ə

u

ˈ

menkl< /p>

ə

t

ʃə

,

术语，命名系统

,

the

essential

function of land use planning remains the same whatever term is applied. The Canadian Institute

of Planners offers a definition that:

[

i:s

ˈθ

etik

]

,

and

orderly

disposition

of

land,

resources,

facilities

and

services

with

a

view

to

securing

the

physical, economic and social efficiency, health and well-being of urban and rural communities

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

There

is

bound

to

be

conflict

over

land

use.

The

demands

for

arable

land,

grazing,

forestry,

wildlife,

tourism

and

urban

development

are

greater

than

the

land

resources

available.

In

the

developing countries, these demands become more pressing every year. The population dependent

on the land for food, fuel and employment will double within the next 25 to 50 years. Even where

land is still plentiful, many people may have inadequate access to land or to the benefits from its

use. In the face of scarcity, the degradation of farmland, forest or water resources may be clear for

all to see but individual land users lack the incentive or resources to stop it.

Land- use planning is the systematic assessment of land and water potential, alternatives for land

use and economic and social conditions in order to select and adopt the best land-use options. Its

purpose is to select and put into practice those land uses that will best meet the needs of the people

while safeguarding resources for the future. The driving force in planning is the need for change,

the need for improved management or the need for a quite different pattern of land use dictated by

changing circumstances.

All

kinds

of

rural

land

use

are

involved:

agriculture,

pastoralism

田园风味

,

forestry,

wildlife

conservation and tourism. Planning also provides guidance in cases of conflict between rural land

use and urban or industrial expansion, by indicating which areas of land are most valuable under

rural use.

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