最新外研版高一英语必修二资源知识点总结大全
-
高中英语必修
2
(外研版)
Unit 1 Our Body
and Healthy Habits
知识点总结
一、重点词汇
词义辨析:
injure/hurt/wound/cut
四者
都可以指
“
伤害、伤痛
”
。
意义
injure
指损害健康、成就、容貌等,强调功能的损失。
hurt
既可指肉体上的伤害,也可指精神上的伤害。
wound
指枪伤、刀伤、刺伤等
皮肉之伤,是出血的、严重的
伤,特指战场上的受伤。
cut
无意中造成的轻伤。
Drinking can injure one's
health.
喝酒对人的健康有害。
I'm sorry I hurt you; I didn't mean to.
对不起,我弄伤了你;我不是故意的。
The robber wounded him with a knife.
那个强盗用刀刺伤了他。
How did you get that cut
on your hand?
你手上的伤口是怎么弄的?
词义辨析:
normal/comm
on/general/ordinary
这四个词都有
“
< br>普通的
”
、
“
< br>常见的
”
意思。其区别是:
normal
强调人或物“符合常态或常规”。
common
强调许多事物具有某种共同点而“不足为奇”。
general
侧重“普遍”之意,普遍于大多数人或事物中。
ordinary
与一般事物的性
质标准相同,强调“平常”而无奇
特之处。
It's normal
to feel tired after such a long trip.
长途旅行后感到累是很正常的。
His name was Hansen, a common name in
Norway.
他的名字叫汉森,在挪威是一个常见的名字。
As a general rule, prices
follow demands.
一般而言,物价随需求而变化。
Now electrical appliances have entered
into ordinary families.
现在,家用电器已经步入普通家庭。
diet n.
饮食;节食
1.
a healthy/balanced diet
:健康的
/
均衡的饮食
2. go/be on a
diet
:用规定食谱;节食
You don't have to go on a diet to lose
weight.
你不需要靠节食来减肥。
anxious adj.
焦虑的;渴望的
1. be anxious
about sth.
:为
…
担心,忧
虑
2. be anxious
for sth.
:渴望
…
3. be anxious to do
sth.
:急于,渴望做某事
I
am anxious about the parcel because it hasn't
arrived.
我对这包裹很担心,因为它还没到。
The whole country was anxious for peace.
全国上下都渴望和平。
She was anxious to finish school and
get a job.
她渴望毕业找一份工作。
be crazy about
:迷恋
He's still crazy about both his work
and his hobbies.
他对工作和个人爱好依然保持狂热。
begin with
:以
…
开始
The teacher began his
class with a question.
老师以一个问题开始他的讲课。
be/get injured
:受伤
He
got injured through his own carelessness.
他由于粗心受伤了。
breathe in/out
:
吸入
/
呼出
In large
cities people breathe in dangerous gases from cars
and chimneys.
在大城市人们呼吸时吸入汽车和烟囱排出的有害气体。
一词多义:
fit adj. <
/p>
健康的,
强壮的;
合适的
v.
适合,
适应
Mr. Smith needs more exercises to keep
fit.
(
keep
fit
:保持健
康)
史密斯先生需要更多的锻炼以保持身体健康。
He's been ill and isn't
fit for work yet.
(
be fit fo
r
:适合
…
)
他一直在生病,尚不能工作。
This new jacket fits her well.
这件夹克很合她的身。
一词多义:
head n.
头部;
头脑
v.
朝
…
前
进;
前往
The ship came about and
headed
for the shore.
轮船调转般向朝海岸驶去。
拓展:
英语中有些名词可转化为动词,如:
eye
n.
眼睛
v.
(用眼睛看)注视;端详
face
n.
脸
v.
面对
picture n.
照片,影片
v.
画;拍照
dress
n.
礼服
v.
打扮,穿衣
阅读必备词汇
rare
adj.
稀少的;罕有的
rarely
adv.
罕有地
wealthy
adj.
富裕的
overweight
adj.
太胖的;超重的
symptom
n.
症状
insurance
n.
保险
questionnaire
n.
问卷调查
awful
adj.
糟糕的;可怕的;充满敬畏的
become ill
生病
have a temperature
发烧
put…into…
将
…
投入
/
放入
…
take exercise
锻炼
lie down
躺下
二、重点句型
So as you can see from what I’ve said,
I’m a
normal kind of person.
解析
:
本句的主干是
“I’m a
normal kind of person”
;
“as
you can
see from what
I’ve s
aid”
是由
as
引导的一个定语
p>
从句;
what
引导的是
from
的宾语从句。
翻译
:因此,正如你能从我所说的
看到的一样,我只是一个普
通人。
拓展
:
as
引
导的定语从句在写作中应用相当广泛,常见的结构
有:
“as
is known to all…”; “as we all
know…”
意思都
是
“
众所周知
…”
。
Because of this, I
make sure that I have a good
diet, and
as I’ve said,this isn’t a
problem because my mother feeds us so
well.
解析
:本句的主干是
“I make
sure that …and this isn’t a
problem”
,由
and
连接一个并列句。
“that I have a good
diet”
是
make
sure
的宾语从句,
“Because of this”<
/p>
是一个介词结
构,表示原因;
“as I’ve
said”
是一个定语从句,修
饰
“this isn't a problem”
;
because
引导的是一个原因状语从句。<
/p>
翻译
:因
此,我得确保合理膳食;而且正如我前面所说,合理
膳食并不是一个问题,因为我母亲把
我们照顾得很
好。
Britain was the first
country in the world to have
a free
health care system paid for
the by the government.
解析
:本句的主干是
“Britain
was the first country in the
world…”
;
“to have
a free health care
system”
是动词不定
式结构作
定语,修饰前面的
country
;
“
paid for the by the
government”
< br>是过去分词结构作定语,修饰前面的
system
。
翻译
:英国是世界上第一个拥有免
费医疗系统的国家,整个医
疗体系都是由政府资助的。
拓展
:非谓语作定语在写作中应用
相当广泛,有时简单的定语
从句可以考虑使用非谓语来代替,这样
可以使语言简练地道,例如:
The boy whose name is Tom is popular
with his classmates.
The
boy
named Tom
is popular
with his classmates.
They
see doctors who work for themselves and
pay the doctors through the health
insurance
company.
解析
:本句的主干是
“They
see doctors and pay the doctors”
;
who
引导的是一个定语从句,修饰前面的
doct
ors
;
through
引导的是一个介词结构,表示方式。
翻译
:
他们看自己的专属医生,
并通过医疗保险公司进行支付。
三、重点语法
< br>词的转化
---
名词用作动词
含义:
词的转化(
conversion
)是英语构词法中的主要方法
之一。它
指的是一个词不改变词形,而由一种词类
转化成另一种或几种词类。
本模块
学习
名词转化为动词
的用法。
名词转化
为动词是现代英语中很普遍的
现
象,同时也是转化构词中最活跃的一种。人们经常把名词不
加任何改变就当作动词使用。
用法:
很多表示物件(如下
1
)、身体部位(如下
2
)、某类人(如
下
3
)的名词可以用作动词来表示动作,某些抽象
名
词(如下
4
)也可作动词。例如:
1. Did you
book
a seat on the plane?
你订好飞机座位了吗
?
2. We set sail at dawn and
headed
for New York.
我们在黎明起程,直驶纽约。
3. She
nursed
her husband back to
health.
她看护丈夫,使他恢复了健康。
4. We
lunched
together.
我们在一起吃了午餐。
体会更多
名词用作动词
的例子,看你能准确地理
解名词动词化
后的词意吗?
1. He's always
bossing
his wife about.
2. The escaped prisoner
was
cornered
at last.
3. Stop
mothering
her,
she’s 30 years old and can take care
of
herself perfectly well.
4.
People were
streaming
out of
the station.
5. I did not
like the way he
eyed
me.
6. Mr. Smith
noons
for half an hour every
day.
7. He doesn't have
all ideas of his own. He just
parrots
what
other people say.
答案揭晓:
1. boss around
颐指气使;把
…
呼来唤去
2. corner
将
…
逼入困境
3. mother
像母亲一般地照料
4. stream
涌出;川流不息;蜂拥
5. eye
看;定睛地看
6. noon
午休
7. parrot
学舌;盲目重复或模仿
除了名词转化为动词外,还有副词,连词等转化为动词,动词
转化为名词
,形容词副词等转化
为名词。如:
We
downed
our
coffee and left.
我们喝完咖啡就离开了。
(
down
常为副词,意为
“
向下
”
,
这里
作动词,意为
“
喝下
”
)
The old
in our village are living a happy life.
我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。
(
old
常作形容词,
这里作名
词,
the old
意为
< br>“
老人
”
)
Let's go out for a
walk
.
我们到外面去散散步吧。(
walk
常作动词,这里用作名
词,意
为
“
散步
”
)
We will try our best to
better
our living
conditions.
我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况
。
(
better
常作形容词,
这里作
动词,意为
“
改善
”
)
will
与
be going to
本单
元学习
will
和
be going
to
表示
“
将要
”
。
will
be
goin
表将要
临时决定
提前计划,安
表示推测,揣
依据直觉、经验或知识
依据观察到的<
/p>
想
等
等
表示
“
将要
”
1. ---
“Kate is
in hospital.”
---
“Oh, really,
I
didn't know. I
will
go and see her at once.”
(
临时决定
去看
Kate
)。
2.
---
“Kate is in hospital.”
---
“Yes, I
know. I
am going to
see her this aft
ernoon.”
(
提
前已打算好
p>
去看
Kate
)
拓展:
1.
推测,揣想:
I think it will be rainy
tomorrow.
我认为明天有雨。
Look at the clouds; it’s going to
rain.
看看这些云,又要下雨了。
2.
在
“
主
将从现
”
中,
一般用
< br>will
,
而不用
be
going to
。
例如:
I won’t go if
he
doesn't come.
他不来,我就不去。
高中英语必修<
/p>
2
(外研版)
Unit 3 Music
知识点总结
一、重点词汇
lose v.
丧失,失去
1.
be lost in
sth.
:全神贯注于
…
2. get lost/lose one’s way
:迷路
He was so lost in reading that he
missed the train for work.
他看书太入神了,误了上班的火车。
They got lost because they
went in the wrong direction.
他们走错了方向,所以迷了路。
mix v.
混合,搅拌
1.
mix (sth.) with sth.
:把
...
p>
与
...
混合
2. mix up
:混淆,弄乱
The powder is mixed with cold water is
to form a paste.
用冷水把粉末搅拌成糊状。
I must have got the times mixed up.
我肯定是把时间弄混了。
拓展
:
mixture
混合物,混杂体
be impressed with sth
:对
…
留下深刻印象
You'll be
impressed with the brightness and the beauty of
the
colors.
色彩的明艳美丽会让你大饱眼福。
拓展
:
1. impression
n.
印象
leave/give/make an impression on sb.
给某人留下印象
2. impressive
adj.
令人印象深刻的
split
up
:解散;决裂;离婚
Did you know
that John and Mary have split up?
约翰和玛丽已经分手了,你知道吗?
After the meeting we split up and went
home.
散会以后,我们就分开回家了。
make a note
of
:记录(
=take a note
of
)
Make a note of the
reference number shown on the form.
把表格上的编码记下来。
have an influence on
:对
…
有影响
Both society
and family have an influence on the children’s
development.
社会和家庭都会影响孩子的发展。
阅读必备词汇
audience n.
听众
genius n.
天才
symphony
n.
交响乐;交响曲;交响乐团
compose vt.
作曲;创作
catchy adj.
动人的
complex adj.
复杂的
record
vt.
录音
二、重点句型
After studying music in Vienna, Haydn
went to
work at the court of a prince
in eastern
Austria, where
he became director of music.
解析
:本句的主干是
“Haydn
went to work at the court of a
prince
in eastern Austria”
;
after
引导部分是一个介词
结构,
表示时间;
where
引导的是一个定语从句,
修饰前面的
court
。
翻译
:在维也纳学习音乐之后,海顿去奥地利东部一个
王子的
宫廷工作,在那里他成了音乐指挥家。
拓展
:
w
here
引导的非限制性定语从句在写作中应用非常广泛,
例如
:
Last week, we
went to the park near our school. We had a
good time there.
Last week, we went to the park near our
school, where we
had a good time.
Having worked there for 30
years, Haydn moved
to London, where he
was very
successful.
解析
:本句的主干是
“Haydn
moved to London”
;
“Having
worked there for 30
years”
是一个现在分词结构作时间状
语;
“where he was very success
ful”
是由
where
引导的定语从
句,
修饰前面的
London
。
翻译
:在那里
工作了
30
年后,海顿移居伦敦。在伦敦他非常的
成功。
拓展
:
“having done”<
/p>
这一结构在写作中应用非常广泛,适当使
用不但可以体现语言的多
样性,更能使句子显得简
单地道,例如:
After we got everything ready we began
to head for the park.
Having got everything ready, we began
to head for the park.
He
showed musical talent when he was very
young, and learned to play the violin
and
piano from his father,
who was a singer.
解析
:本句的主干是
“He
showed musical talent and learned to
play the violin and piano from his
father”
;
“when
he
was very young”
是一个由
when
引导的时间状语从句;
< br>“who
was a singer”
是由
who
引导的定语从句,修饰前面的
father
。
翻译
:他在很小的时候就表现出了
音乐天赋
,
并从他的父亲那学
会了拉小
提琴和钢琴。他父亲是一个歌手。
However, it was Haydn who encouraged
Beethoven to move to Vienna.
解析
:本句是一个强调句,结构是
it
was+ Haydn +who+
encouraged Beethoven
to move to Vienna
,原句是:
Haydn encouraged Beethoven to move to
Vienna.
翻译
:然而,鼓
励贝多芬去维也纳的人正是海顿。
拓展
:
强调句型的基本结构是:
It
is/was +
被强调部分
+that+
< br>其
它部分
(
如果强调的是人,其
中的
that
还可以换成
who)
。
如何区分强调句型其实很简单,
只要把
It is/was +that/who
去掉,如果剩余部分通过调整语序组成一个完整
的句子,那该句子就是强调句,否则就不是。
三、重点语法
< br>状语从句:时间状语从句(
when/while/as
)
when, while,
as
都可作
当
…
时
解。
若主句表示短暂性动作,从句表示持续性动作,三者都可用。
He
fell
asleep
when/while/as
he was
reading.
他看书时睡着了。
实际考查时,一般考查三者的区别:
1. when
一般表示时间点;
wh
ile
表示时间段。例如:
When we arrived in Beijing, it was
raining.
(arrive
不是延续性
动词
)
我们到达北京时,天正在下雨。
Please do not trouble me while I am
writing my homework.
(write
是延续性动词
)
我写作业时请不要打扰我。
2. when
表示
“
这时
(
突然
)
”
;
while
表示
“
而
”
、
“
却
”(
表示对比
)
We
were about to start
when
it
began to rain.
我们正要出发,天突然开始下雨了。
He likes coffee,
while
she likes tea.
他喜欢咖啡,而她却喜欢茶。
3. as
表示
< br>“
随着;一边
…
,一边
…”
。
As
children get older, they
become more and more interested
in
everything.
随着孩子日渐长大,他们对一切变得越来越感兴趣。
过去完成时
1.
概念
表
示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作,即
“
过
去的过去
”
。
2.
构成
:
had+
过去分词
3.
用法
(
1<
/p>
)发生在过去以前的动作,已结束,对过去造成影响。它不
能离开
过去时间而独立存在,多与
already
,
yet
,
just
,
before
,
never
等时间副词及
by, before, when
等引导
的短语或从句连用。如:
When we
got
to
the cinema, the film
had already
begun
.
当我们到达电影院时,电影已经开始了。
(
2
)发生在过去以前的动作或状态,一直延续到过去的这
一时
间,而且还可能继续下去,常和
for,
since
构成的短语
或引导的从句连用。
By the time I
left
the school, he
had
taught
the class for 3
years.
到我毕业时,他已经教那个班三年了。
拓展:
(
1
)用在
句型中,
that
从句
要用过去完成时。
This was the first time
that
they had met in thirty years.
这是三十年里他们第一次见面。
(
2
)动词
h
ope, wish, expect, think, intend, suppose
等用过去
完成时表示本来打算做而没有做的事,含有某
种惋惜。
We
had hoped
that
you would come, but you didn't.
我们本来希望你能力,但是你没有。
高中英语必修
2
(外研版)
Unit
2 No drugs
知识点总结
一、重点词汇
词义辨析:
likely/poss
ible/probable
三者都可以表示
“
可能的
”
,
possible
可能
性最小,
probable
可
能性最大
,但用法不同。
主语
用法
likely
人
< br>/
物
/it
sb. be likely to do sth.
It is likely +
that
从句
possible
it
It is possible (for sb.) to do
sth.
It is possible
+that
从句
probable
it
It is probable +that
从句
因
此,
“
我们学英语时可能会犯错
”
p>
可以表述为:
We are likely to make mistakes when
learning English.
=It is
likely/possible/probable that we make mistakes
when
learning English.
=It is possible for us to make mistakes
when learning
English.
词义辨析:
affect/effect/influence
这些
动词均含
“
影响
”
之意,但在词性和意义上有差别。
词性
意义
affect
vt.
主要指一时的影响。
effect
n.
(可数或不可
p>
affect
的名词形式,
have an
数)
effect on
意为:对
…
有影响。
influence
vt.& n
.
(通常不
主要指对行为、性格、观点等
可数,但有时可
产生间接的或潜移默化的影
连用不定冠词)<
/p>
响,
have an
influence on
意为:
对
…
有影响。
Both diet and exercise affect blood
pressure.
饮食和运动都对血压有影响。
What you read has an influence on your
thinking.
你读的东西对你的思想有影响。
词义辨析:
in order to/so as to/in order that/so
that
都有
“
为
了
”
的意思,但其用法和位置有不同。
用法
位置
in order
that
引导目的状语从句
句首
/
句中
so that
引导目的状语从句
/
结果状语从句
句中
so as
to
与词
/
短语一起做目的状语
句中
in order to
句首
/
句中
因此,
“
为了实现梦想,他努力学习
”
可以表述为:
In order to realize his
dream, he works very hard.
=He works very hard in order to/so as
to realize his dream.
=He
works hard in order that he can realize his dream.
=He worked hard so that he
got a good grade.
reduce
v.
缩小,减少
1. reduce to…
:减少到
2. reduce by…
:减少了(减少的幅度)
The new bridge should reduce travelling
time from 50 minutes
to 15 minutes.
这座新桥应该能将形成从五十分钟减少到十五分钟。
The workforce has been
reduced by half.
职工人数已减少一半。
拓展
:
1. decrease to/decrease by
:
减少到
…/
减少了
…
< br>
2. increase
to/increase by
:
增加到
…/
增加了
…
be addicted
to sth./doing sth.
:对
...
上瘾
We think he will not be
addicted to computer games any
longer.
我们认为他不在会沉溺于电脑游戏。
break into
:破门而入
What will you do if you find your house
broken into?
如果发现有人闯入你的房子,你会怎么办
?
take one’s
advice
:听从某人的建议
I decided to
take your advice that I should spend more time
staying with my parents.
我听从了你的建议要多陪父母。
ban sb. from doing sth.
:禁止某人做某事
Charlie has
been banned from driving for half a year.
查理被禁驾半年。
阅读必备词汇
drug
n.
毒品,药品
cancer
n.
癌症
criminal
n.
罪犯
illegal
adj.
违法的;不合法的
treatment
n.
治疗;招待;对待
horrible
adj.
令人不快的;及
其讨厌的
recognize/recognise
vt.
认出;承认
distraction
n.
分心;分散注意力
二、重点句型
Users who inject the drug are also in
more
danger if they share needles with
other
users.
解析
:本句的主干是
“Users
are also in more danger”
;
who
引
导的是一个定语从句,修饰前面的
u
sers
;
if
引导的是
一个条件状语从句。
翻译
:如果吸毒的人和其他人共用针头的话,他们将会陷入更<
/p>
大的危险。
Participants learn to recognize smoking
triggers
(things that start them
smoking)
and they try to
set a date in the future when they
will
stop smoking.
解析
:本句的主干是
“Partici
pants learn to recognize smoking
triggers and they try to set a date in
the future”
,主
干是由
and
连接的并列句;
括号部分是对前
面的
triggers
的解释,
其中<
/p>
that
引导的是一个定语从句,修饰
t
hings
;
when
引导的是一个
定语从句,修饰前面的
date
。
翻译
:
参
与者学着识别吸烟触发因子
(
诱使人们开始吸烟的东西
)
,
而且他们尽力设定一个在未来戒烟的日期。
Make a list of
friends who smoke and places
where you
smoke.
解析
:本句的主干是
“Make a
list of friends and places”
,是一
个祈使句;
who
和
where<
/p>
引导的都是定语从句,分别
修饰
friends
和
places
。
< br>翻译
:将你吸烟的朋友以及你吸烟的地方列成一个清单。
Choose a time when you
will be relaxed but also
too busy to
think about smoking.
解析
:
本
句的主干是
“Choose a time”
,
是一个祈使句;
“when you
will be
relaxed but also too busy to think
about smoking”
是由
w
hen
引导的定语从句,修饰前面的
time
< br>;
该从句中
“relaxed”
和
“too busy to think about
smoking”
是并列的,由
but
also
连接,其中包含常见句型
“too…to…”
。
翻译
:选择一个你感觉很放松但又非常忙以至于不会想着吸烟
的时间。
三、重点语法
非谓语动词:不定式作目的状语
看下面两题,了解相关考点:
1. Simon made a big bamboo box
the little
sick bird till it
could fly.
A. keep
B. kept
C.
keeping
D. to keep
2. We got up early this
time
be
late for the train again.
A. in order to
B. in order to not
C. so as to
D.
so as not
to
解析:
1. D.
考查非谓语动词。句意为
“Simon
做了一个大竹箱,目的
是为了放那只生病的小鸟
”
,所以选
D
。
2. D.
考查不定式短语
in order
to
和
so as to
,
以及
not
的位置。
根据
句意应该是否定形式,
not
要放在
t
o
的前面,所
以
B
不正确。
该考点下,同学们需要牢记:
1.
不定式常用作目的状语,表示动作尚未发生,意为<
/p>
“
为了
”
。
p>
例如:
To
learn English well
, you need time and
patience.
要想把英语学好,你需要时间和耐心。
He raised his
voice
to be heard
by all the students.
为了被所有的学生听到,他提高了声音。
注意
:其位置可以是句首,也可以
是句末。
2.
还可用
in order to/ so as to
表示目的,<
/p>
意为
“
以便;
为
了
”
。
例如:
He got up very early
in
order to/so as to
catch the first bus.
In order not to
miss the first bus, he got up very early.
(
注意:
句首时不能用
so as
to
)
不定式作宾语
一些词后只能跟
to
do
作宾语。例如
:
The driver
failed to
see
the other car in time.
He
decided to buy
a new car.
这种搭配
的常见动词有:
afford
,
nee
d
,
agree
,
ask
,
decide
,
choose
,
hope
,
offer
,
plan
,
hate
,
refus
e
等。
拓展:
1.“
疑问词
+to
do”
作宾语:
I don’t know
where to go this weekend
.
2. it
作形式宾语:
I feel
it
my duty
to help them.
(
it
作形式宾语,真正的宾语
是
to
help them
)
注意:
这种用法常用于句型:
“find/f
eel/think+it+adj./n.+to do
sth.”
状语从句:结果状语从句
本模块主要学习
so/such...that
引导的结果状语:
通过下面三道题,看相关考点:
1. The teacher taught us
in such a lovely way ______ we
would
never forget what he taught us.
A. as
B. that
C. so that
D. which
2. ---
Did you catch what the teacher said?
--- No. She spoke so fast ______ I
couldn't hear her very
clearly.
A. which
B. that
C. when
D. Since
3.
There are ______ few problems left ______ I
believe you
can deal with them
yourself.
A. such; that
B. so; that
C. such; as
D. so; as
解析:
1. B.
考查结果状语从句,
such + (a/an) +
adj. +
可数名词(复
数)
/
p>
不可数名词
+
that
。句意:这位老师的教学方
式如此生动,以至于我们永远都忘不了他教授的内容。