初三英语语法时态总结(含时态选择题及其答案)
-
时态
一、
一般现在时
一般现在时主要用于表示经常性、
习惯性的动作或现在的状态,
常和含有
“经
常,常常,始终”等意义的副词或短语连用。
1
、一般现在时的构成
(
1
)谓语动词是连系动词
be(am,is,are)
She
is a teacher.
I
am not from Wuhan.
Are you good at swimming?
p>
(
2
)谓语动词是实义动词(动词原形或动
词第三人称单数)
We
usually have lunch at 12 o’clock.
Tom does’t like playing
computer games.
Do
you live far from school?
2
、一般现在时的用法
(
1
)表示现在经常性、习惯性的动作
Do you often go
swimming?
We
have a class meeting once a week.
Jim sometimes drives to
work.
(
2
)表示主语现在的特征或状态等
Arthur has a good sence of
humor.(
说明主语的性格特征
)
She is quite well
today(
说明现在的状态
)
I like history very
much.(
表示主语的喜好
)
p>
(
3
)表示客观真理、一般性事实、格言、
警句及其他不受时间限制的客观存在
The moon moves around the
earth.(
客观真理
)
Pairs stands on the Seine
River.(
事实
)
(
4
)在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中代替一
般将来时
Richard will like her as soon as he
sees her.
If
Bob stays away from the junk food,he will be in
good health.
(
5
p>
)表示按计划或时间表将要发生的动作
The train leaves at 11:00 a.m. and
arrives in Beijing at 2:00 p.m.
-
When does the
bus start?
-
It starts in twenty
minutes.
二、一般过去时
一般过去时主要表示在过去某一个确定的时间里发生的动作或在过去某一
段时间内发生的经常性、习惯性的动作。
1
、一般过去时的构成
(
1
)谓语动词是连系动词
be(was,were)
Where were you last month?
Was she angry just
now?
I
wasn’t at school yesterday.
(
2
)谓语动词是实义动词(动词的过去式)
< br>
We knew him
three years ago.
They didn’t take the plane to
Shanghai.
Did
you call him last night?
2
、一般过去时的用法
(
1
)表示在过去确定的时间里发生的动作或存在的
状态
He worked in a
small town last year.
-
Where were you last
Saturday?
-
I was in the Capital
Museum.
Nicky didn’t go out last night,because
he had a cold.
(
2
)表示过去一段时间内经常性、习惯性的动作或状态
Did he often walk to school
last term?
Milly always helped me out when we were
middle school students.
*
常与一般过去时连用的时间短语
:yesterday
the day before
yesterday
the
other day
last
week
an hour ago
just now
(
3
)叙述没有具体的过去时间的动作或状态
有些情况发生的时间没有清楚表明,
但实际上
是过去发生的,
应该用一般过
去时。
-
Excuse me,sir.
This is a non
-
smoking room.
-
Oh,sorry. I didn’t see the
sign.
Ken
left his jacket in the has to get it
back.
(
4
)在时间、条件状语从句中代替过去将来时
Barbara said she would come if she was
free that day.
We
wouldn’t leave until he came back.
三、一般将来时
一般将来时表示将来某个时间将要发生的动作或状态
1
、一般将来时的构成
(
1
)
be
going to +
动词原形
He is going to visit Guangzhou next
Sunday.
They are not going to visit our school
tomorrow.
Is
he going to be a teacher in the future?
(
2
)
wil
l/shall+
动词原形
We have no vegetables in the fridge. I
will go and buy some.
He won’t visit his grandma next
week.
Will you come here soon?
*shall
表示将来时,只用于第
一人称;
will
可用于各种人称。
2
、一般将来时的用法
(
1
)
be
going to do
结构
表示打算、计划要做的事或有迹象表明要发生的事。
I’m going to swim
tomorrow.
Look at the dark clouds.
It is going to
rain.
(
2
)
will/shall
do
结构
will/shall do
结构往往指没有经过计划临时做出
的决定,常常有说话者的主
观意志或指将来必然发生的事。
It will be New Year’s Day
soon.
I’ll open the door.
I hope it will be sunny
tomorrow.
*
常与一般将来
时连用的时间短语:
the day after tomorrow
in
an hour
tomorrow
next year/month...
in the future
soon
before long
四、
过去将来时
过去将来时表示在过去某个时间点看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态,
常用
在间接引语或者宾语从句中,表示从句动作发生在主句动作之后。
1
、过去将来时的构成
(
1
)
was/were
going to+
动词原形
I thought it was going to
rain.
She
said she wasn’t going to speak at the
meeting.
(
2
)
would/should+
动词原形
He told me he
would go to the cinema.
They said they wouldn’t play football
in the street.
2
、过去将来时的用法
表示从过去某一个时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。
Betty told us that she would not go
with us.
五、现在进行时
现在进行时表示现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的动作。
1
、现在进行时的构成
现在进
行时的构成:
“
am/is/are+
动词的现在分词”
。
Look! Sam is
watching TV happily on the sofa.
The
children aren’t playing basketball now.
Are
the girls flying kites in the park.
2
、现在进行时的用法
(
1
)表示现在正在进行的动作
Listen! LingLing is singing
an English song.
(
2
)表示现阶段正在进行的动作
I am writing a book these
days.
The
smiths are visiting Beijing this week.
*
常与现在进行时连用的时间状语:
n
ow
these days
right now
at
the/this moment
(
3
)现在进行时与
always,often,forever
等词连用,表示反复发生的动作,常含
有赞扬、不满、厌烦等感
情色彩
He’s always
getting good grades.
My brother is always playing computer
games.
She
is always changing her clothes.
六、过去进行时
过去进行时表示在过
去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行或发生的动作。
1
、过去进行时的构成
过去进
行时的构成是“
was/were+
动词的现在分词”
。
Linda told the policeman she was
waiting for the bus at ten o’clock yesterday
morning.
At this time
yesterday John was not watching was doing his
homework.
Were you playing volleyball at four
yesterday afternoon?
2
、过去进行时的用法
(
1
)表示在过去某一时刻正在进行的动作
-
We could’t find you
anywhere around eight yesterday
evening.
-
I’m
sorry for mother and I were dancing in the
square.
(
2
)表示在过去某一段时间内一直在进行的动作
My mother was tidying the sitting room
the whole morning.
*
常与过去进行时连用的时间状语:
then
at that time
at this time yesterday
from seven to nine last night
at two
yesterday afternoon
(
3
)与现在进行时相似,过去进行时也可以表示满意、称赞、惊讶、厌恶等感<
/p>
情色彩,通常与
always,forever
< br>等副词连用
Li
Ming was always thinking of others.
He was always talking in
class.
(
4
< br>)表示一个动作发生时,另外一个动作正在进行。此时常与
while,when
,as
引
导的时间状语从句连用
When Jim’s mother came
in,he was doing his homework.
七、现在完成时
现在完成时表示过去
发生的动作对现在造成的影响或从过去一直延续到现
在的动作或状态。
< br>
1
、现在完成时的构成
现在完
成时的构成是“
have/has+
动词的过去分词”
。
Though he has read the book
three times,he hopes to read it again.
You
haven’t been here for a long time.
Have they finished the work
yet?
2
、现在完成时的用法
(
1
)表示发生在过去的动作对现在仍有影响
My father has
gone to Shanghai.
I have already had supper.
<
/p>
(
2
)表示从过去开始一直延续到现在(
可能延续下去)的动作或状态
He
has lived here since 1950.
My brother has been a soldier for two
years.
*
< br>常与现在完成时连用的时间状语:
already
yet
just
never
ever
before
recently
since then
since
so far
for a long time
in the past/last few years
(
3
)
p>
have/has gone
to
和
have/has been
to
的区别
have/has gone to
去了某地
不能与
once,twice,three
times
等连用
have/has been to
去过某地
可以与
once,twice,three
times
等连用
-
Hello,may I speak to Zhang
Jun?
-
Oh,sorry! He has gone to
Guiyang.
I
have been to Shanghai twice.
八、过去完成时
过去完成时表示在过
去某一时刻或动作之前已经完成的动作,
即
“过去的过
去”
。
1
、过去完成时的构成
过去完
成时的构成是“
had+
动词的过去分词”
。
He had finished his work
before I came here.
I had
not learned eight hundred English words by the end
of last year.
Had he
finished his work before I came here?