初三英语语法时态总结(含时态选择题及其答案)

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2021年02月23日 22:56
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2021年2月23日发(作者:是不是该安静的走开)


时态



一、


一般现在时


一般现在时主要用于表示经常性、


习惯性的动作或现在的状态,

常和含有


“经


常,常常,始终”等意义的副词或短语连用。



1


、一般现在时的构成




1


)谓语动词是连系动词


be(am,is,are)








She is a teacher.








I am not from Wuhan.








Are you good at swimming?




2


)谓语动词是实义动词(动词原形或动 词第三人称单数)








We usually have lunch at 12 o’clock.








Tom does’t like playing computer games.








Do you live far from school?



2


、一般现在时的用法




1


)表示现在经常性、习惯性的动作








Do you often go swimming?








We have a class meeting once a week.








Jim sometimes drives to work.




2

)表示主语现在的特征或状态等








Arthur has a good sence of humor.(


说明主语的性格特征


)








She is quite well today(


说明现在的状态


)








I like history very much.(


表示主语的喜好


)




3


)表示客观真理、一般性事实、格言、 警句及其他不受时间限制的客观存在








The moon moves around the earth.(


客观真理


)








Pairs stands on the Seine River.(


事实


)




4


)在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中代替一 般将来时








Richard will like her as soon as he sees her.








If Bob stays away from the junk food,he will be in good health.




5


)表示按计划或时间表将要发生的动作








The train leaves at 11:00 a.m. and arrives in Beijing at 2:00 p.m.








-


When does the bus start?








-


It starts in twenty minutes.



二、一般过去时



一般过去时主要表示在过去某一个确定的时间里发生的动作或在过去某一


段时间内发生的经常性、习惯性的动作。



1


、一般过去时的构成




1


)谓语动词是连系动词


be(was,were)








Where were you last month?








Was she angry just now?








I wasn’t at school yesterday.




2


)谓语动词是实义动词(动词的过去式)

< br>







We knew him three years ago.








They didn’t take the plane to Shanghai.








Did you call him last night?



2


、一般过去时的用法




1


)表示在过去确定的时间里发生的动作或存在的 状态








He worked in a small town last year.








-


Where were you last Saturday?




-


I was in the Capital Museum.








Nicky didn’t go out last night,because he had a cold.




2


)表示过去一段时间内经常性、习惯性的动作或状态








Did he often walk to school last term?








Milly always helped me out when we were middle school students.



*


常与一般过去时连用的时间短语


:yesterday




the day before yesterday




the other day




last week





an hour ago





just now




3


)叙述没有具体的过去时间的动作或状态



有些情况发生的时间没有清楚表明,


但实际上 是过去发生的,


应该用一般过


去时。




-


Excuse me,sir. This is a non


-


smoking room.




-


Oh,sorry. I didn’t see the sign.








Ken left his jacket in the has to get it back.




4

)在时间、条件状语从句中代替过去将来时








Barbara said she would come if she was free that day.








We wouldn’t leave until he came back.



三、一般将来时



一般将来时表示将来某个时间将要发生的动作或状态



1


、一般将来时的构成




1



be going to +


动词原形








He is going to visit Guangzhou next Sunday.








They are not going to visit our school tomorrow.








Is he going to be a teacher in the future?




2



wil l/shall+


动词原形








We have no vegetables in the fridge. I will go and buy some.








He won’t visit his grandma next week.








Will you come here soon?








*shall


表示将来时,只用于第 一人称;


will


可用于各种人称。



2


、一般将来时的用法




1



be going to do


结构








表示打算、计划要做的事或有迹象表明要发生的事。








I’m going to swim tomorrow.








Look at the dark clouds.





It is going to rain.




2


will/shall do


结构








will/shall do


结构往往指没有经过计划临时做出 的决定,常常有说话者的主


观意志或指将来必然发生的事。








It will be New Year’s Day soon.








I’ll open the door.








I hope it will be sunny tomorrow.



*


常与一般将来 时连用的时间短语:


the day after tomorrow





in an hour














tomorrow




next year/month...




in the future




soon





before long



四、


过去将来时


过去将来时表示在过去某个时间点看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态,


常用


在间接引语或者宾语从句中,表示从句动作发生在主句动作之后。



1


、过去将来时的构成




1



was/were going to+


动词原形








I thought it was going to rain.








She said she wasn’t going to speak at the meeting.




2



would/should+


动词原形

< p>







He told me he would go to the cinema.








They said they wouldn’t play football in the street.



2


、过去将来时的用法






表示从过去某一个时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。






Betty told us that she would not go with us.



五、现在进行时



现在进行时表示现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的动作。



1


、现在进行时的构成






现在进 行时的构成:



am/is/are+


动词的现在分词”







Look! Sam is watching TV happily on the sofa.






The children aren’t playing basketball now.






Are the girls flying kites in the park.



2


、现在进行时的用法




1


)表示现在正在进行的动作







Listen! LingLing is singing an English song.




2


)表示现阶段正在进行的动作








I am writing a book these days.








The smiths are visiting Beijing this week.



*


常与现在进行时连用的时间状语:


n ow




these days




right now





at the/this moment




3


)现在进行时与


always,often,forever


等词连用,表示反复发生的动作,常含


有赞扬、不满、厌烦等感 情色彩








He’s always getting good grades.








My brother is always playing computer games.








She is always changing her clothes.



六、过去进行时



过去进行时表示在过 去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行或发生的动作。



1


、过去进行时的构成






过去进 行时的构成是“


was/were+


动词的现在分词”






Linda told the policeman she was waiting for the bus at ten o’clock yesterday



morning.





At this time yesterday John was not watching was doing his homework.





Were you playing volleyball at four yesterday afternoon?



2


、过去进行时的用法




1


)表示在过去某一时刻正在进行的动作



-


We could’t find you anywhere around eight yesterday evening.



-


I’m sorry for mother and I were dancing in the square.




2


)表示在过去某一段时间内一直在进行的动作








My mother was tidying the sitting room the whole morning.





*


常与过去进行时连用的时间状语:


then




at that time




at this time yesterday






from seven to nine last night




at two yesterday afternoon




3


)与现在进行时相似,过去进行时也可以表示满意、称赞、惊讶、厌恶等感< /p>


情色彩,通常与


always,forever

< br>等副词连用








Li Ming was always thinking of others.








He was always talking in class.




4

< br>)表示一个动作发生时,另外一个动作正在进行。此时常与


while,when ,as



导的时间状语从句连用








When Jim’s mother came in,he was doing his homework.



七、现在完成时



现在完成时表示过去 发生的动作对现在造成的影响或从过去一直延续到现


在的动作或状态。

< br>


1


、现在完成时的构成






现在完 成时的构成是“


have/has+


动词的过去分词”







Though he has read the book three times,he hopes to read it again.






You haven’t been here for a long time.






Have they finished the work yet?



2


、现在完成时的用法




1


)表示发生在过去的动作对现在仍有影响








My father has gone to Shanghai.








I have already had supper.


< /p>



2


)表示从过去开始一直延续到现在( 可能延续下去)的动作或状态








He has lived here since 1950.








My brother has been a soldier for two years.




*

< br>常与现在完成时连用的时间状语:


already




yet




just




never




ever




before




recently




since then





since




so far




for a long time












in the past/last few years




3



have/has gone to



have/has been to


的区别








have/has gone to



去了某地




不能与


once,twice,three times


等连用








have/has been to



去过某地




可以与


once,twice,three times


等连用








-


Hello,may I speak to Zhang Jun?




-


Oh,sorry! He has gone to Guiyang.








I have been to Shanghai twice.



八、过去完成时



过去完成时表示在过 去某一时刻或动作之前已经完成的动作,



“过去的过


去”




1


、过去完成时的构成






过去完 成时的构成是“


had+


动词的过去分词”



He had finished his work before I came here.



I had not learned eight hundred English words by the end of last year.



Had he finished his work before I came here?


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