初中英语基础知识汇总
-
第一篇
基础知识
第一节
字母
英语是字母文字，共有
26
个字母，<
/p>
26
个字母按一定的顺序排列在一起便组成字母表，英语中
称之为
“
Alphabet
< br>”
。
1.26
个字母的读音
2.
元音字母是哪些？
英文字母分为元音字母和辅音字母。
Aa , Ee ,
Ii,
Oo,
Uu
为
5
个元音字母，除
Yy
外其他
20
个为辅音字母。
Yy
为半元音字母
.
第二节语音
关于语音的几个概念
1)
字母：语言的书写形式。元音字母
a, e,
i(y), o, u,
2)
音标：词的语音形式。
3)
音素：音的最小的单位。英语中有
48
音素。
4)
音节
：由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。
ap'ple, stu'dent,
tea'cher, un'der'stand
5)
元音：
发音响亮，是乐音；口腔中气流不收阻碍；是构成音节的主要音。英语中有
20
个元
音。单元音有
12
个：
/i:/
/I/
/e/
/æ
/
/
ə
:/
/
ə
/
/
∧
/
/a:/ /
כ
/
/
כ
:/
/u/
/u:/
双元音有
8
个
/eI/
/aI/
/
כ
I/
/
ə
u/
/au/
/I
ə/ /εə
/
/u
ə
/
6)
辅音
：发音不响亮，是噪音；口腔中气流受到阻碍；不是构成音节的主要音。英语中有
28<
/p>
个辅音。清辅音有
11
个
：
/p/ /t/ /k/ /f/ /s/
/θ/
/∫/
/h/
/t∫/
/tr/ /ts/
浊辅
音有
17
个：
/b/
/d/
/g/
/v/
/z/
/δ/
/з/
/r/
/dз/
/dr/ /dz/
/m/
/n/
/ŋ
/
/l/
/w/
/j/
7)
开音节：
a)
< br>辅音
+
元音
+
< br>辅音
+e name bike b)
辅音
+
元音
he, go, hi
8)
闭音节：
a)
< br>辅音
+
元音
+
< br>辅音
bad, bed, sit, hot,
cup; b)
元音
+
辅音
it
1
9)
重读音节：单词中发音特别响亮
的音节。
第二篇
语法知识梳理
第一节
词法
在英语中，共有
10
大词类，它们是：
名词、动词、形容词、副词、数词、代词、冠词、介词、
连词、感叹词。
一、
名词
1.
什么叫名词？
名词是表示人、事物、
地点或抽象概念的名称。如：
mother
妈妈
panda
熊猫
library
图书
馆
pencil
铅笔
wish
愿望
2.
名词是如何分类的？
（
1
）
名词根据意义分为专有名词和普通名词。
1
专有名词表示特定的人或事物的名称。
如：
Mr Green
格林先生
the Spring
Festival
春节
○
the Great
Wall
长城
Britain
英国
提示：
1
、人名都是专有名词
2
、专有名词的第一个字母必须大写。
2
普通名词是不属于特定的人或事物名称的词。普通名词又分为
个体名词和集体名词、物质
○
名词和抽象名词。个体名词，如：
radio
（广播），
watch
（手表）；集体名词，如：
class
（班
级），
people
（人民）；物质名词，如：
milk
（牛奶）
water
（水）；抽象名词，如：
work
（工作），
< br>health
（健康）。
(2
)
名词根据其表示的事物性质的不同，分为可数名词和不可数名词。
1
可数名词表示的事物是可以用数字一个一个数出来的，
有单数和复数两种形式。如：
a
○
b
anana
一只香蕉
two
bananas
两只香蕉
2
不可数名词表示的事物是不可以用数字一个一个数出来的，不分单、复数；抽象名词、物
○
质名词和专有名词一般都是不可数名词。如：
milk
牛奶
ice
冰
idea
想法
France
法国
提示：有少数名词既可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词，但含
义不同。如：
fish
鱼肉（不可数）
fish
鱼类（可数）
chicken
鸡肉（不可数）
chicken
小鸡（可数）
< br>
3.
可数名词复数形式的构成规则是什么？
（
1
）
名词复数形式构成的基本规则：
情况
变法
一般情况
以
sshxch
结尾的词
加
-s
加
-es
例词
girl-girls
book -books
bus-
buses
watch-watches
family-
falimies
strawberry-
strawberrie
s
以
“辅音字母
+
y
结尾的词
变
y
为
i
再加
es
2
以
f
或
fe
结尾的词
以
o
结尾的词
变
f
或
fe
为
v
再加
es
加
es
或
s
half-halves
wife-wives
photo-photos
piano-pinaos
radio-radios
zoo-zoos
tomato-tomatoes
potato-potatoes
例词
cakes desks
cups
复数形式词尾是
或
的读法如下：
情况
读法
在
/p/ /t/ /k/ /f/
等清辅
/s/
音后
在
/s/ /z/
/t∫/
/∫/
/dз/
等后
/iz/
buses classes
watches
在其他情况下
/z/
bananas zoos
windows
(2)
需要特别记住的是英语中有些名词的复数形式是不规则的。如：
Man-men
woman-women
foot-feet
tooth-
teeth
mouse-mice child-
children
sheep-sheep deer-
deer fish-fish Chinese-Chinese
4.
如何表示不可数名词的数量？
（
1
）
不可数名词没有单、
复数的区别，
是不能直
接以数字计算事物的名词，
要表示
“一”
这个概念，我们可以用“
a+
表示数量的名词
+ of+
名词”的形式。如：
a glass of
water
一杯水
a cup of tea
一杯茶
（
2
）
如果要表达两个或两个以上的概念，
表示数量的名词需要用复数形式
，
不可数名词
不变。如：
two
glasses of water
两杯水
five bags of
rice
五袋大米
提示：这种形式
也可以用于可数名词，但名词必须用复数形式。如：
a basket
ofapples
一篮子苹果
five
baskets of tomatoes
五篮子西红柿
5.
什么是名词所有格？
名词中表示所有关系的形式叫做名词所有格，意为“
……
的”，一般在名词后加是
’
s
。如
Grandma
’
s
house
奶奶的房子
my parents
’
car
我父母的车
(1)
如果名词代表的事物是有生命的，那么其所有格有以下几种形式：
分类
构成方式
举例
普通单数名词
在名词末尾加
’
s
Nancy
’
s father
以
或
结尾的复数名词
在名词末尾加
’
the teachers
’
books
特殊复数名词（不以
或
在名词末尾加
’
s
Children
’
s Day
结尾）
表示共有关系的
在最后一个名词的末尾
Jim and Henlen
’
s
加
’
s <
/p>
mother
（
两人共有一个妈
妈）
表示各自所有关系的
在每个名词的词尾都
Jim
’
s
and
加
’
s
Henlen
’
s
mothers
（两人各自的妈妈）
3
提示
：表示公共场所、或住宅的名词，其所有格后面常常省略被修饰的名词。
We will go to my
sister
’
s for dinner this
afternoon.
今天下午我们将去我姐姐家吃饭。
Let
’
s
go
to
the
barber
’
s.
我们去理发店吧。
（
2
）
如果名词代表的事物是没有生命的，
常与
组成短语来表示其所有格，
表示前者
属于
后者。
It
’
s a map of
China.
这是一张中国地图。
The name of the cartoon is Cinderella.
这部动画片的名字是《灰姑娘》。
例题引路
一、写出下列名词的复数形式。
1
．
baby
erry
se
答案
3. strawberries
s
8.
Japanese
二、
翻译下列词组
1.
长城
2.
许多羊
3.
三袋大米
4.
五篮子鸡蛋
5
四位女教师
6.
八棵苹果树
7
七张
老太
太的照片
8.
她的一个朋友
答案
1
.the Great Wall
/a lot of
sheep
bags of rice
baskets of
eggs
women teachers
apple trees
photos of an old woman
8.a friend of hers
衔接训练
一、写出下列名词的复数形式。
-box
hman
e
y
12. family
14. photo
an
nary
三、单项选择
father is
a
.He works in a
hospital.
r B. doctor C. farmer D.
soldier
need some more
.Can you go and get some
,please?
A. potato B. potatos C.
potatoes D. a potato
the picture there
are many
and
two
.
A. sheep; foxes B. sheeps foxes C.
sheeps; fox D. sheep foxs
’
s meet at 7:30
outside the gate of
.
A. the People
’
s
Park B. the Peoples
’
Park C.
the People Park D. People
’
s
Park
are sixty-seven
in our school.
’
s teacher B.
women teachers C. women teachers D. women teacher
shop sells apples,bananas and things
like
’
s a
.
A. food shop B. book shop C. fruit shop
D. vegetable shop
4
ber10th is
in China.
r
’
s Day B.
Teachers
’
Day C. Teacher Day
D .Teachers Day
football under the bed
is
.
A. Su Hai and Liu Tao
B. Su
Hai
’
s and Liu
Tao
’
s
Hai
’
s and Liu
Tao
D. Su Hai
and Liu Tao
’
s
9..The post office is a bit far from
here. It
’
s about
.
A. thirty
minutes
’
s walk
B. thirty
minute
’
s walk
C. thirty minutes
‘
walk
D. thirty minutes walk
10.
are
big and bright.
A. The
classroom window
B. The window
of the classroom
classroom
’
s windows
D.
The windows of the
classroom
四、用所给名词的适当形式填空。
there three
(child)playing
in the classroom?
’
re two
(bottle)of
(milk) for you.
always wears a pair of
(glass) and he looks clever.
do too much
(homework)every
day so we have no time to play.
’
s Sunday and
there are so many
(people)in the
street.
should brush your
(tooth)at least twice every day.
五、根据汉语提示完成句子。
1.
Beijing is
(
中国的首都
)
2.I
’
m hungry.
Please give me
（四片面包）
these
（你父母的照片）
？
4.I
visited
（长城）
last
’
s really
wonderful.
5
（
Tom
和
Mike
的手表）
are new. They bought
them
last Saturday.
can
found
（一些苹果树）
in the garden.
7.
（杨玲和南希的桌子）
is very clean,but
（她们的椅
子）
are very dirty.
二、动词
1.
动词的定义和分类
动词是表示动作
或状态的一类词。动
词充当谓语时，要受到主语的限制，与主语在人称和数
上一致。用来表示动作或状态在各
种时间条件的动词形式称为时态。动词根据其在句中的功
能，可以分为实义动词、系动词
、助动词和情态动词四类。
2.
实义动词
（
1
）实义动词的分类
实义动词也叫行为动词，即表示动作的动词，能独立作谓语。实义动词有及物动词和不及物
动词之分。及物动词是指后面可以直接跟宾语的动词；不及物动词指
后面不可以直接跟宾语的动词。
We
have friends all over the world.
我们的朋友遍天下。
George
’
s father
lives there.
乔治的爸爸住在那儿。
提示：英语动词中有很多既是及物动词又是不及物动词，如
close,
begin,study,leave,work
等。
5
（
3
）
实义动词的基本形式
有动词原形、第
三人称单数形式、过去式、现在分词、过去分词。
3.
系动词
（
1
）系动词的定义
.
系动词亦称连系动词，不能单独做谓语，后面必须跟表语。
< br>
（
2
）系动词的功能
系动词的主要功能是把表语（名词、形容词、副词、非谓语动词、介词
短语、从句）和其主
语联系在一起，以说明主语的属性、特征或状态。它和其后的表语一
起构成句子的谓语。
（
3
）常见系动词
My father is a
policeman.
You will feel better after a
night
’
s sleep.
It
’
s getting
warmer and warmer in spring.
He looked
angry/sad/happy.
The apples taste very
good.
提示：有部分系动词也可以作为实义动词来使用。
He looked sad at the news.
（“看起来”，系动词用法）
He
kooked sadiy at the boy.
（“看着”，实义动词用法）
4.
助动词
（
1
）助动词的定义
助动词是语法功能词，本身没有词义，不可单独使用。
He doesn
’
t like
English.
(2)
助动词的功能
1
表示时态
He is singing.
He
doesn’t
go to
school on Saturday.
○
2
构成疑问句
○
Do you like college life?
Did you study English
before you came here?
3
与否定副词
not
连用构成否定句
○
I
don
’
t like playing computer
games. They are not watching TV now.
(3
)
目前学过的助动词有：
be(am/is/are),do(
does/did)
1
“
am/is
/are+
现在分词”构成现在进行时态。
○
They are having a meeting.
English is becoming more and more important.
2
do/does/did
构成一般疑问句、否定
句、否定祈使句。
○
Do you
want to pass the English exam?
He
doesn
’
t like to study.
Don
’
t
be late for school.
提示：
do
也可以作实义动词，表示“做”。变否定句时必须借助
don
’
t/doesn
’
t/didn
’
t
He does
homework every day. He
doesn
’
t watch TV on school
days.
6.
情态动词
6
（
1
）
情态动词的定义及功能
情态动词是一
种本身有一定的词义，
但要与普通动词一起使用，
给谓语动词增
添情态色彩，
表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法，认为其可能、应该或必要等得
一类词。情态
动词一般本身无人称和数的变化，其后面的实义动词要用动词原形。
She can swim fast, but I
can
’
t. You must stay here
until I come back.
（
2
）
常见情态动词的用法
1
can
表示能力，意为“会，能”。表示客观可能性或推测时，用于否定句和疑问句；
○
She can sing English songs.
It
can’
t
(
不可能
)be Jim.I saw him at
school just now.
Can
/May(
可以
) I borrow your bike?
2
may
表示许可，
○
用于陈述句；
表示正式的
请求或许可，
用于一般疑问句。
回答
m
ay
提
出的问题，肯定形式为：
Ye
s,please./ Yes, please do./Yes,certainly./Yes,you
may.
否
定形式为：
No,you
mustn
’
t./No, you
can
’
t./Please
don
’
t.
You may go
out to ply now.
----May I smoke here?
----Yes,you may./No you
mustn
’
t.
3
must
指客观可能性或猜测时，意为“一定”；表示“应当，必须”时
，其否定形式为
○
mustn
’
t
意为
“禁止，
不允许，
千万别”
。
回答由
mu
st
构成的一般疑问句，
肯定形式为：
Yes
，
主语
+must
< br>；否定形式为：
No
，主语
<
/p>
+needn
’
t/don
’
t have to
。
It must (
肯定
)be
Nancy
’
s name is on the
cover.
You
mustn
’
t
(
千万别
) play football in the
street.
------Must I hand in my
homework tomorrow?
------Yes, you must.
/ No, you needn
’
t/don
’
t have to.
4
should
表示“应该，应当”
，
shouldn
’
t
表示“不应该”。
○
You
should tell your mother the truth.
You
shouldn
’
t make the same
mistake.
例题引路
一、用所给动词的适当形式填空。
father always
(help)my mother with
housework.
ships
(not be)in the river now;they
(be)there a moment ago.
family
(have)a new computer last
month.
4.I can
(do )it better than you .
二、模仿例词写出所给动词的相应形式。
例词
:do
does
doing
did
1. write
_______
_______
_______
_______
_______
_______
_______
_______
_______
_______
_______
_______
_______
_______
_______
_______
7
衔接训练
一、单项选择
brother_______ a teacher. He ________ his pupils
very much.
A. is like
B.
is;
likes
C.
are;
likes
D. are; like
2.
----How many days_________there in a week?
-----There_______seven.
A.
is; is
;
is
C. is;
are
D. are; are
English teacher ________.
A. all look young
B. looks young
C. look young
D.
all looks young
4.I ______busy now, but
I ____ free next week.
A. am;
am
B. am; will
C.
am;
will be
D. being;
will be
I _______to Helen
Brown?
A. tell
B. speak
C. talk
D. say
Ling can
_______clothes for the doll.
A. make;
B. makes
C. made
D.
making
looks ____because she will go
to Hainan for a holiday.
A. happily
B. be happy
C. happy
D. happiness
8. ----________I use your pen,Dad?
-----Yes,you can .
A. May
B.
Do
C. Am
D. Must
二、用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. Two and six_______(be) eight.
________(be)lots of sheep on the farm
last year.
boy with his
friends_________(have)some homework every day.
must _______(listen)to your teacher in
class.
like __________(watch)cartoons
at the weekend.
! Someone
__________(sing)in the next room.
Hai
wants___________(be)a teacher when she grows up.
________you ________(do)last night?
9. __________(not speak)loudly in the
reading room.
10. I like
___________(read) very much,but I
don
’
t like
__________(read)today.I
’
m
too
tired.
三、形容词
1.
什么是形容词？
形容词是用来修饰或描述名词或代词，
以说明人或事物的性质、
状态或特征的一类词。
Jane is
a
beautiful girl.
Is there
anything wrong with your MP4?
2.
形容词在句中的位置是怎样的？几个形容词连用时，如何排序？
（
1
）形容词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前，系
动词和不定代词之后。
She is a good
girl.
I am tall and
thin.
There is
something important to tell her.
提示：
1.
有的形容词只能作表语，
如：
afraid
害怕
，
alone
独自的，
asleep
睡着的，
< br>awake
醒着的，
alive
活着的，
well
健康的，
ill
病的
8
2.
某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指
一类人或整体的东西，谓语动词用复数。
The
Chinese have long history.
We should help the old
(2)
多个形容词修饰名词时，音节少的形容词在前，音节多的在后
.
She bought herself a new silk skirt.
I have long straight golden hair.
提示：多个形容词和其他词修饰名词时，其顺序是：限定词（冠词、指示代词、
形容词性物主代词、数词）
+
描绘词（大小、长短、形状、
新旧、长幼、颜色）
+
出处
+
材料性质
+
类别
+
名词
3.
什么是形容词的比较等级？
绝大多数形容词有三种形式：原级、比较级和最高级。
Liu Hai is as tall as me .
(tall
是原级
)
It is warmer
today than it was yesterday.
(warmer
是比较级
)
She is the best student in her class.
(best
是最高级
)
4.
形容词比较等级的构成规则是什么？（见八年级上语法附录）
5.
形容词比较等级的几种用法
（
1
）形容词的原级可用于两个人或事物的
比较，常用的有两种结构：
1
肯定结构：
as
+
形容词的原级
+ as
，意为“和……一样”。
○
She is as careful as her
mother.
2
否定结构：
not
as /so +
形容词的原级
+as
，意为“不如……”。
○
This dish is not as nice as
that one.
（
2
）形容词的
比较级用于两个人或事物的比较，常用的有四种结构：
1
形容词比较级
+than
，表示“……比……”。
○
This film is more interesting than that
one.
2
形容词比较级
+
形容词比较级，表示“越来越……”。
○
My
sister is getting taller and taller.
3
the
+
形容词比较级，
the
+
形容词比较级，表示“越……越……”。
○
The
more, the better.
The more careful you are ,the fewer
mistakes you wii make.
4
the
+
形容词比较级
+ of the
two
，表示“两者中较……的一个”。
○
Tom
is the cleverer of the twins.
提示：比较级前可以加表示程度的副词
much ,even,a
little
等来修饰。
He is
much stronger than Mike.
(3)
形容词的最高级用于三个或三个以上的人或事物的比较，常用“
the +
形容词的最高级
+
名
词<
/p>
+
范围（
of/ in
短语或从句）”结构，意为“……中最……的”。
He is the busiest boy in our class.
9
Yao Ming is one of the most famous
basketball players in NBA.
提示：形容词的最高级前要加
the
，但如果形容词的最高级前有物主代词时，不
需要加
the
。
Today is my happiest day.
7.
常见形容词的反义词，你记住了吗？
bad---good
better---worst
best----worst
big---small/little
beautiful---ugly
black---white
busy
—
free
cheap---expensive
clean
—
dirty
clever---foolish
cloudy----sunny
cool
—
warm
cold---hot
dangerous---safe
dark---bright/light
dry---wet
early---late
easy
—
difficult
east
—
west
far---near
sunny---rainy
first---last
happy---unhappy/sad
hard---soft
ill
---healthy/well
light---
heavy
more---less/few
most---least/fewest
old---new
old
—
young
poor
—
rich
quiet---noisy
same
—
different
short---long
short---tall
slow---quick
small---big/large/great
strong---weak
thin---fat
thin---thick
例题引路
一、单项选择
1.I
have_______to do today.I
couldn
’
t help you now.
A.
anything
important
B.
something
important
C. important nothing
D. important something
2.---Is chemistry more
difficult than physics?
---No, chemistry
isn
’
t as _____as physics.
B. easier
C. difficult
D. more
difficult
二、同义句转换。
T ao is
not as strong as Gao Shan.
.Liu T ao
is______
________ Gao Shan.
Gao
______
______ Liu T ao.
is the
tallest student in his class.
.David
is_____than______
_____
_____ in his
class.
衔接训练
一、用所给词的适当形式填空。
the three girls,I found Millie is the
_________(clever).
are
________(few)people here today than yesterday.
sister is two years________(old)than I
.
’
s parents have
four daughters, and she is the
________(young)child.
_________(cheap)things are not always the worst
ones.
short one is
____________(expensive)of the five.
boy is not so _________(interesting)as his
brother.
8. She will be
much _________(happy)in her new house.
二、单项选择
feels______today than yesterday.
A.
tired
B .more
tired
C. more tireder
D. much tired
the two toys,the child chose________.
A. the more expensive one
B. one most expensive
C. a least
expensive
most expensive of them
10
line is ____than that one.
A. more longer
B. not longer
C.
much more longer
D. many
more longer
book is _______of the
three.
A. thinner
B . the thinner
C .more
thinner
D. the thinnest
looks ______than she is.
A. the more
older
B, very older
C. much older
D. more older
6. The garden
is becoming _______.
A. more and more
beautiful
B. more beautiful
and beautiful
C. more beautiful and more
D. more beautiful and beautifuler
7._______hurry, _______speed.
A. More; less B. Much; little
C. The more; the less
D. The much; the little
8 Looking ______at his mother, the
little boy looked_____.
A. happy;good
B. happy; well
C. sad; sadly
D.
sadly; sad
三、根据汉语提示完成句子。
1.
这本书跟那本书一样有趣。
This book is ____
__________ ________that one.
2.
这个故事不如那个有趣。
This story is ______ ________than that
one.
3.
今天比昨天冷得多。
It is _________ ________ today _______
it was yesterday.
4.
他对英语越来越感兴趣。
He is becoming ______ ________ _______
______ in English.
5.
他吃得越多，就越胖。
_______ _______ he eats , _______
_______he gets.
6.
他比我大两岁。
He is______
_______
_______
than I.
四、副词
1.
什么是副词？
< br>副词是一种用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句的词，以说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概
念。
We should listen to
our teachers carefully.
In
spring , I can see flowers everywhere.
2.
副词的种类有哪些？
（
1
）方式副词，如
qu
ickly,neatly,happily
（
2
）地点、方位副词，如
here,away,outside,west
（
3
）时间副词，如
< br>yesterday,already,just,now,before,later,often,s ometimes
（
4
）强调副词，
very,too,even,only,
4.
副词在句中的位置和排列顺序
<
/p>
（
1
）时间、地点副词，小在前，大在后
。
He comes from New
York,America.
11
（
2
）方式
副词，短在前，长在后。
Please write
slowly and carefully.
（
3
）方式
+
地点
+
时间
The old woman
runs very slowly along the river at 6:00 every
morning.
4.
副词同形容词一样也有比较级和最高级
形式。
5.
常见副词的区别：
（
1
）
very,
much,
very much
Very
用于修
饰形容词或副词的原级；
much
用于修饰形容词或副词的比较
级；
very
much
用
于修饰动词。
John is very good.
This
garden is much bigger than that one.
I
love music very much
(2)so
, such
1
so
修饰形容词或副词；
such
修饰名词。
○
My brother runs so
fast that I can
’
t follow
him.
He is such a boy.
2
so
修饰的形容词后可以有一个单数的可数名词，其结构是“
so+
形容词
+a/an+
可数名词单
○
数”；
such
可修饰可数名词单复数和不可数名词，名词前可以有形容词作定语，其结构是
< br>“
such+
（
a/an
）
+
形容词
+
可数名词单数
/
复数
/
不可数名词
”
。
He is so clever a boy.=He is such a
clever boy.
It is such cold weather.
They are such good students.
提示：如果可数名词复数前有
many,few
或
不可数名词前有
much
，
little
修饰，用
so
不
用
such
。
(3)also ,too, as well, either
also ,too, as well,
用于肯定句，
also
常用于
be
动词、情态动词、助动词之后，行为动词之
前，
too, as
well
用于句末；
either
用于
否定句末。
My father is a
teacher. My mother is also a teacher.
=
My father is a teacher.
My mother is a teacher as well.
= My father is a teacher.
My mother is a teacher,too.
I can
’
t speak
French. Jenny can
’
t speak
French,either.
(4) sometime,
sometimes, some time, some
times
sometime
意为“某一时间“，可指将来，
过去；
sometimes
意为“有时”；
some time
指
“一段时间”；
some
times
指“几次，几倍”。
We
’
ll have a test
sometime next month.
Sometimes we are
busy and sometimes,we are not.
He
stayed in Beijing for some time last year.
I have been to Beijing some times.
例题引路
一、用所给词的适当形式填空。
12
is too tired
and he can
’
t walk
as_______(quick)as his father.
2.I feel
_________(well)today than yesterday.
draws___________(care)of the girls in her class.
二、单项选择
er not to
speak_______when we are in the reading room.
A. fast
B. slowly
C. politely
2.----What was
the weather like yesterday?
----It was
rained so _______that people could______go out.
; hard
B.
hardly; hard
C. hard
hardly
D. hard; hard
was an accident at the
corner._____,the girl wasn
’
t
_____hurt.
y; badly
B..Luck; hardly
C. Lucky; heavily D. Lucky;strongly
衔接训练
一、用所给词的适当形式填空。
gets up ________(early),Yang Linor Miss Liu?
did well in the exam,so his classmates
spoke________(high)of him.
3. He put on
his coat and went out _______(quick)
’
s dangerous to
stand outside,for the wind is blowing
________(strong).
learns math
______(quick) than the other students.
h is _______(wide)used in the world.
don
’
t know why
you talked to them so __________(angry.)
is raining _________(heavy),so
you
’
d better not go out now.
did the work as _________(careful) as
most of us.
Lei and Lin Tao are
working much________(hard)than before.
二、单项选择
1.
Jack
’
s brother
doesn
’
t work so ________as
Jack.
A.
harder
B.
hard
C .
hardest
D.
hardly
speaks Chinese very_______.
A. good
B. better
C. well
D. best
drives much
_______than he did three years ago.
A.
careful
B. carefully
C . more
careful
D. more
carefully
4. I think Math is
_______more difficult than English.
A.
much
B. very
C. too
D. so
5. My son looks _____ is playing
_______with other children.
A. happy;
happy
B. happy
; happily
C. happily;
happily
D. happily; happy
6. Look! There is _______ice on the
lake.
A. too much
B. too many
C. much too
D.
so many
walked into the
room ______because her mother was sleeping.
A. clear
.
D. quietly
8.
Jim
’
s computer is
_______than ________. Don
’
t
you think so?
A. a lot newer; Lin Tao
B. very new;
Lin Tao
’
s
C. much newer; Lin
Tao
’
s
D.a
little newer; Lin Tao
五、数词
13
1.
什么是数词？
< br>表示数目“多少”和顺序“第几”的词叫数词。分为基数词和序数词。参看课本，记牢
读音
和拼写。
2.
基数词的用法
（
1
）表示“哪一年”，每两位数一读。
1998
年，读作
nineteen
ninety
—
eight
2009
年
读作
two thousand
and nine
(2)
表示“几点”
at five
o
’
clock
（
< br>3
）表示编号
No.101 bus
(4)
表示加减乘除
One and two is
three.
(5)
表示小数
5.3
读作
five point three
(6)
表示百分数
40%
读作
forty percent
3.
什么情况下用序数词？
（
1
）表示日期
3
月
8
号
写作：
March (the) eighth
读作：
March the eighth
（
2
）表示分数
1/6 one sixth
3/5 three
fifths
例题引路
单项选择
_______of
the books in our school library are written in
Chinese.
A. fourth-fifth
B. four-fifth
C.
four-fifths
D. fourths-
fifth
2. The road is over _______meters
long.
A. six hundred and fifty-two
B. six hundreds and fifty
two C. six hundred , fifty-two
D. six hundred ,
fifty and two
y _______is
New Year
’
s Day.
A. first
B. two
C. the first
D. the second
There were _______people in the meeting
room yesterday.
A. two hundreds
B. two hundred of
C. hundreds of
D. hundred of
衔接训练
一根据句意，填入合适的数词。
Hai is ______(12)years is in Class
_______(5)Grade______(6).
ber is the
_______(9)month in a year.
girl is
thinner,the ________(2)one or the _____(3) one?
_______years is a century(
世
纪
)
。
are ________minutes in an hour.
二、单项选择
1.----How
many students are there in your school?
----_______the
students in our school______over two thousand.
number of is
B. The number
of;are
C. A number of;is
D. A number of;are
2. The
new student is in __________.
A. Class
2
B. Class
Second
C. 2 Class
D. class 2
3.---
How many teachers are there in your school?
----________, but
I
’
m not sure.
14
A. Hundreds
B.
Hundred
C.
Hundred of
D. One hundred
4.__Dad,when
will you be free ? You agreed to go to the seaside
with me four days
ago.
---I
’
m
sorry,Jean. But Ithink I will have a
_______holiday soon.
A.
four
—
days
B. four
—
day
C. fourth day
D. four day
5. This story happened on __________.
A. 2009,Oct.21
st
B.
Oct.21
st
, 2009
C. 2009,21
October
D.
21
st
of October,2009
六、代词
1.
什么是代词？如何分类？
代词是用来代替名词以及起名词作用的短语、分句和句子的一类词。按其指代作用不同可分
为人称代词、物主代词、疑问代词、指示代词、反身代词、不定代词、关系代词、相互代词<
/p>
八类。
2.
人称代词
（
1
）人称代词的概念
人称代词是为了
避免重复，用来代替前面提到的人或事物的名称的一类代词。
Jim and Liu Tao ,Miss Li is waiting for
you!
Pick up your books and put them
away.
(2)
人称代词的人称、数和格
人称代词是
表示“我”、“你”、“他”、“她”、“它”、“我们”、“你们”、“他们”
的词。
表格见七年级附录
提示：说话的人为第一人称，听话的人为第
二人称，被谈到的人或事物为第三
人称。
人称
单数
复数
主格
宾格
主格
宾格
第一人称
I
me
we
us
第二人称
you
you
you
you
第三人称
he
him
they
them
she
her
it
it
（
3
）人称代词的基本用法
1
人称代词主格在句中作主语，是动作的执行者。
○
She likes playing
volleyball very much.
2
人称代词宾
格在句中作动词或介词的宾语，是动作的承受者。
○
Mr. Brown teaches us
English.
You must look after them.
15
提示：两个以上人称代词并用时，通常
you
放在第一位，
I
放在最后；复数
we
放在第一位，
they
放在最后，简单记成：单数
2.3.1
；复数
1.2.3
。都是第
三人称，女后男在先。<
/p>
You,Tom and I are leaving next month.
3.
物主代词
（
1
）物主代词的概念
物主代词是表示所有关系的一类代词。
This isn
’
t my
’
s hers.
(2)
物主代词分类：形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。
人称
单数
复数
形容词性物主代词
名词性物主代词
形容词性物主代词
名词性物主代词
第一人称
my
mine
our
ours
第二人称
your
yours
your
yours
his
his
第三人称
their
theirs
her
hers
its
its
< br>（
3
）物主代词的基本用法
<
/p>
1
形容词性物主代词和形容词有相似之处，
○
用来修饰名词，
不可以单独使用。
These are their
books.
Her name is Cheng Jie.
2
名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词
+
名
词”，后面不必再加名词。
○
This is my pen .That is
yours/your pen.
4.
疑问代词
(1)
疑问代词基本用法
疑问代词在句中起名词词组的作用，常被用来构成疑问句，置于句首。
Whose book is this ?
What are you reading now?
(2
)
常见的疑问代词有：
what,which,who,who
m,whose
等。指人的是
who,whom,whose<
/p>
；
指物的是：
what
< br>；既可指人又可指物的是
which
。
< br>
Which do you like better , tea or
milk?
What
’
s your
father?
Whose books are these on the
desk?
5.
指示代词
this,these
,
指较近的事物；
that,
those
指较远的事物。
6.
反身代词
（
1
）反身代词的构成：
mysel
f, ourselves, yourself, yourselves herself,
himself,
itself,
themselves,
oneself
（
2
）反身代词的用法
反身代词可以作宾语、表语、同位语等。
We enjoyed ourselves very much.
I bought a new coat for myself.
He himself did it .
16
7.
不定代词
（
1
）常见的不定代词有：
all,
each,both,either,neither,little,few,man
y,much,other,another,some,any,somebody,any
< br>body,nobody,everybody,someone,anyone,
no
one,everyone,something,anything,everything,none.
(2)
常见的不定代词区别
1
both,either,neither
○
both
表示“两者都”，
either
表示“两者中的任何一个”，
neither
表示“两者都不”。
Both of
us are right.
Either you
two is OK.
Neither of us is
right.
提示：
+
名词复数
= either
+
名词单数
There are
many trees on both sides of the street.
= There are many trees on either side
of the street
…
an
d
…
作主
语时谓语动词用复数，
either
…
or
…
和
neither
…
nor
…作主语时谓语
动词的单复数与邻近的主语保持一致。
Both Tom and Jenny are from America.
Either Tom or I am right.=Either I or
Tom is right.
Neither Tom nor I am
right.=Neither I nor Tom is right.
2
few, a few,
与
little
，
a little
○
few
和
a
few
修饰可数名词的复数，
谓语动词都用复数，
little
和
a little
修饰不可数名词，
谓语动词都用单数。
a few
,a little
是肯定的含义，
意为“一些”；
few,little
是否定的含义
，
意为“几乎没有”。
A few
students go to the park.
Few students go
to the park.
He has a little hair.
He has little
hair.
3
each
和
every
○
each
和
every
都意为“每一个”，后面的谓语动词都要用单数。但
each
比
every
更强调
个体。
Each
具有形容词和代词两个词性，
可以作句子主语；
every
只能作形
容词，不作主语。
Each (man)has his
life.
Every
singer has his successful song.
4
other,another,the
other,others,
与
the others
○
other
表示“其他的，另外的”，后面
跟名词或代词；“
another+
单数名词”意为“又一
个，另外一个”，泛指。无限定范围；
the other
表示“另外一个”，指两者中的另外一个；
others
表示
“其他人”
，泛指复数含义，
无限定范围，
后面不能跟名词；
the others
表示
“其
他人”，特指的复数，指在一定范
围内去除一部分后剩下的另一部分。
I have two
is red, the other one is white.
Tom is
taller than the others in his class.
Would you like another cup of tea?
There are many people in the park, some
are talking,some are flying kites and
others are reading.
17
例题引导
一、用
other,the
other,others,
与
the others
填空
1. He has two
is a nurse,________is a worker.
2. Some
people like walking. Some like
running.________like swimming.
boys
will go to the zoo,and _______will stay at home.
4. Do you have any _______qustions?
二、单项选择
1.---
________school is much larger than ________?
----Really?
AOur; your
B. Our; yours
C. Ours yours
D. We; you
2.
________are all in Class6.
,I and he
B. He, you and I
C.I ,you and he
. ,he and I
buildings in Dalian are
similar
（相似的）
to
______in Tokyo.
A. ones
B. those
C.
these
D. that
衔接训练
一、单项选择
1
，
The weather in
Guangzhou is better than ____in Shenyang.
A. that
B. it
C. this
D. one
2._______have a racing bicycle.
B.
Each of us
of
us
D. We each
bike is I borrow_________?
A. you
B. yourself
C. yours
4.
I bought _______exercise books with _______money.
A. a few; a few
B. a few; a little
C. a little a few
.D. a little; a little
5.
---_____is he?
He is a bus driver.
B. Which
C. That
D. What
6.---
________hat is this ?
----It
’
s________.
;me
B. Who; mine
C.
Whom; his
;
mine
has ________to tell us.
A. something important
B. important
something
C.
anything useful
D.
useful nothing
8. _____of the teachers
are OK in our school.
A. Every
B. Each
C. Either
D. All
9. Of the three
foreigners, one is from London,and _____are from
thexUSA.
others
other two
C.. another two
D. the both
10. ---Which
would you like,sir,tea or coffee?
---I
don
’
t mind.______is OK.
A. Either
B. Neither
C. Any
D. Both
11. ________of us
has read the newspaper,so we know nothing about
it.
B. Both
C. None
D. All
18
12. He is not
a warm-hearted man, so _____people can get on well
with hm.
A. few
B. a few
C.
little
D. a little
七、冠词
1.
什么是冠词？
< br>冠词是一种虚词，它置于名词前，帮助说明名词的含义。本身没有意义，不可单独使用，
< br>只能和名词连用。英语中的冠词分不定冠词
a/an
和定
冠词
the
两种。
2.
不定冠词的含义和主要用法
不定冠词
a/an
通常泛指同类事物中的某
一个（位、块、片……）。其中，
a
用在辅音音素开
头的单词前，如
a book;
an
用在元音音素开头的单词前，如
an orange.
不定冠词主要有以
下四种用法：
（
1
）
指人或事物的某一种类。
It
’
s a
basketball.
A
horse is a useful animal.
This is an interesting movie.
（
2
）
表示“一”这个数量，但数的概念没有
强烈。
She has a small
nose and long hair.
(3)
指某人或某
物，但不具体说明是何人或何物。
His
grandfather is an old man .
There is an eraser on the desk.
(4)
用于一些固定短语中，如：
a
few,a little,a lot of
等。
3.
定冠词的含义和主要用法
定冠词
the
通常对所修饰的名词有指定作用，表示“这（那）个”，“这
（那）些”。
定冠词主要有以下用法：
（
1
）
特指某（些）人或某（些）事物
The girl in an orange dress is my
sister.
（
2
）
指谈话双方都知道的人或物
Please look at the blackboard.
（
3
）
指上文提过得人或物
I went
to the People
’
s Park
yesterday. The park is beautiful.
（
4
）
指世界上独一无二的事物
The
sun is bigger than the earth.
（
5
）
用在序数词和形容词最高级前
Gao
Shan lives on the fifth floor.
（
6
）
用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前
the Great Wall,the Palace Museum
（
7
）
用在江、河、湖、海等专有名词前
the Changjiang River , the
Yellow River
（
8
）
用在姓氏的复数形式前指一家
The
Browns are very friendly.
（
9
）
用在乐器名称前
Can Tom play the violin?
(10)
用在一些习惯用语中
in the morning,/afternoon/evening,in
the end
4.
什么叫零冠词？什么情况下不用冠词？<
/p>
有些情况下，名词前面可以不用冠词。
（
1
）
专有名词前
He went ti
Nanjing three days ago.
19
（
2
）
月份、周日、节日、季节前
He
was born on July1st,1990.
（
3
）
三餐名词前
Liu Tao has
lunch at school.
（
4
）
球类运动名称前
Mr Brown
plays tennis very well.
（
5
）
职位、头衔和称呼语等名词前
Mum! Where are my shoes?
（
6
）
复数名词表示一类人或事物时
I
like
potatoes.
（
7
）
语言、学科等名称前
We have
Math four times a week.
（
8
）
两个词义相同或相近的名词连用时
He works hard day and night.
（
9
）
名词前已经有作定语的指示代词、物主代词和不定代词时
This book is interesting.
（
10
）
泛指人类时
Man
can
’
t live without air.
（
11
）
用在固定词组中
go to school,by train,in hospital,at
night.
例题引路
单项选择
give my
sister _______usefil book yesterday.
A.
an
B. a
C. /
D.
the
brother is_______honest boy,so he
has many friends.
A. a
B. an
C.
the
D./
college graduates wanted to work in
_____west part of country____next year.
A the; the
B. / /
C. /
the
D. the /
4. Jim always answers the
teacher
’
s questions_____.
A. in class
B. in the class
C. after class
D. at class
衔接训练
一、单项选择
1. ---What
color is ________orange?
----It
’
s
_______orange.
A. an an
B. an; the
C.
an
; /
D. /; an
! The
children are having ______good time.
A.
/
B. the
C.
an
D. a
3. London
is _______capital of ____England.
A.
the; the
B. a; a
C. a; the
D. the; /
’
re ____few
mistakes in your
’
t
make____same mistakes again.
A. a; a
B. a; the
C. the; the
D.
/; the .
5. Yesterday I
went to _____work on _____foot.
A. the;
/
B. / the
C./ /
D.
the;the
20
6. There is ____
”
h
”
in the word
“
hour
”
, but
___
”
h
”
doesn
’
t make a sound.
A. a; a
B. a the
C. the an
D. an; the
7. He
often says _____rich should help ___
poor.
A. the; a
B. a; the
C.
the; the
D. / /
8 There was ______<
/p>
“
s
”
on
_______blackboard.
A. a; a
B. a the
C.
an a
D. an the
9.
There
’
s _____egg on the
plate. ______egg is for you.
A. a; A
B. an An
C. an; The
D. the; An
10
Did you enter for ______high jump or _____400---
meter race?
A. a; a
B. a the
C. the a
D. the; the
11. _______old man in black
is waiting for you for half ______hour.
A. The; an
B. The a
C. An
; a
D. An /
12._______elephant is _______huge
animal.
A. An; an
B. An a
C.
The; an
D. A
;an
八、介词
1.
什么是介词？
< br>介词是一种用来表示词与词或词与句之间的关系的一种虚词。不能单独做句子成分。介词后
面一般有名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词类或从句作它的宾语。
It
’
s about nine
o
’
clock now.
Helen is like her mom.
2.
介词的用法
（
1
）表示时间的介词
1
at
at noon,
at night,
○
2
on
on Sunday , on
Monday morning,
on March8
○
3
in
in
next week, in November , in 2008, in summer, in
the afternoon
○
4
before
Wei Hua got up
before 7 o
’
clock this
morning.
○
5
after
After that ,no one played with him.
○
6
by
By
the time I arrived, she had already gone.
○
7
for
The workers
often work for twenty-four hours without rest.
○
8
during
Did you have a good time
during the holiday?
○
9
through
Through his life, he kept
on learn ing new things.
○
1<
/p>
0
from
The workers were made to
work from 7 in the morning to 7 in the evening.
○
21
1
1
since
He has taught
here ince 1992
○
（
2
）
表示地点或方位的介词
1
at
at school , at home, at 330 Heping
Road,
at the station
○
2
in
She will arrive in Shanghai
at ten.
○
3
on
on the table
○
4
above
above the head
○
5
over
There is a bridge over the
river.
○
6
under
under the tree
○
7
below
The Dead Sea is below sea
level.
○
8
near
=not far
My home is near
the
school.
○
9
by
He walks by the side of the
sea every day.
○
1
0
between
Sue
sits between Judy and Nancy.
○
1
1
among
There are some Americans among us.
○
1
2
around
They sat around the table.
○
1
3
in
frint of
There is a car in
front of the house.
○
1
4
behind
He put his bike behind the tree.
○
1
5
to
Jack got to
school at 8:00a.m yesterday.
○
1
6
from
How far is it from London to New York?
○
（
3
）
表示手段和材料的介词
1
with
a. She lives with her son.
○
girl with long hair is my classmate.
c.
My American friend is learning to eat with
chopsticks.
2
in
What
’
s this in
English?
○
The woman in a red coat is
Lucy
’
s mom.
22
3
by
What do you mean by the word
“
island
’
?
○
I
like traveling br train.
(4)
动向介词
1
into out of
○
He jumped into
the swimming pool.
We looked out of the window and saw
many
flowers.
2
up down
○
The little
monkey climbed up the tree quickly.
Walk down the street and you will see a
bookshop on the right.
3
across through along
○
Be careful when you walk
across the bridge.
We walked through
the woods.
He is walking along the
river.
(5)
其他介词
1
of
It was the beginning of the term..
○
2
like
Like many children of her
age,Ding Ding is a Young Pioneer.
○
3
as
She works as a waitress in a
restaurant.
○
4
against
He is sitting against the
tree.
Are you against me?
○
5
about
He likes reading books
about history.
What about
your family?
○
6
for
Do you know what he comes here for?
○
衔接训练
单项选择
en get gifts
____Christmas and _____their birthdays.
A. on on
B. at on
C. in
; in
D. in on
2. Mike does his
exercises_______seven ____the evening .
A. on; to
B. by of
C. at in
D. at
; on
3. _____a cold winter
morning, I met her in the street.
A.
In
B. On
C. At
D. For
4. He often goes
_____school _____six thirty ____the morning.
A. for to in
B. for at to
C. to for; at
D. to at in
5. The doctor worked ______five hours
_____a rest.
A. for; with
B. on without
C. about having
D. for without
6. The
teacher is coming back ________an hour.
23
A. after
B. for
C. in
D. before
7. I
don
’
t like to sit
_____Tom
’
s
right. I would like to sit ____the back
row.
A. on in
B. in on
C. on at
D. at on
8 . The apple is ______the
tree and the cat is ____the tree ,too.
A. on in
B. on on
C. in on
D. in
; in
sits _____the third row
,_____Jim
’
s left.
A. on on
B. in at
C. at in
D. in on
10. They are
waiting _______a bus ________the bus stop.
A. for in
B. on at
C. for at
D. with at
九、
连词
一、概说
连词是一种虚词，用于连接
单词、短语、从句或句子，在句子中不单独用作句子成分。连词
按其性质可分为并列连词
和从属连词。并列连词用于连接并列的单词、短语、从句或句子，
如
and, but, or, for
等；
从属连词主要引
出名词性从句
(
主语从句、
宾语从句、
表语从句等
)
和状
语从句
(
时间状语从句、条件状语从句、目的状语从句等<
/p>
)
，引出名词性从句的连词如
that,
whether
等，引出状语从句的连词如
when, because, since, if
等。
二、并列连词的用法
◆
1.
表示转折关系的并列连词有
but, yet
，
however
等。如：
I like apples ,but my sister likes
oranges.= Ilike apples ,however, my sister likes
oranges.
He said he was our friend, yet
he wouldn’t help us.
他说他是我们的朋友，但却不肯帮助我<
/p>
们。◆
2.
表示因果关系的并列连词。这类连词主要有
for, so
等。如：
The child had a bad cough, so his
mother took him to the doctor.
这孩子咳得很利害
，所以他
妈妈带他去看医生。
You
are supposed to get rid of carelessness, for it
often leads to serious errors.
你们一定要克
服粗枝大叶，因为粗枝大叶常常引起严重的错误。
注意：
for
表示结果通常不能放句首，也不能单独使
用。
◆
3.
表示并列关系的并列连词。这类连词主要有
and , or , either…or , neither…nor ,
not
only…but (also) , both…and , as
well as
等。如：
He
didn’t go and she didn’t go
，
either.
他没去，她也没去。
The weather is mild today; it is
neither hot nor cold.
今天天气很温暖，不冷也不热。
Both New York and London have traffic
problems.
纽约和伦敦都存在交通问题。
It is important for you as well as for
me.
这对你和对我都很重要。
People who are either under age or over
age may not join the army.
年龄不到或者超龄的人
都不得参军。
三、从属连词的用法
◆
1.
引导时间状语从句的从属连词
(1)
表示
“
当
…<
/p>
时候
”
或
“
每当
”
的时间连词。主要的
when, while, as,
whenever
。如：
Don’t
talk while you’re eating.
吃饭时不要说话。
Vegetables are best when they are
fresh.
蔬菜新鲜时最好吃。
He came just as I was leaving.
我正要走时他来了。
(2)
表示
“
在
…
之前
(
或之后
)”
的时间连词。主要的有
before,
after
。如：
Try to
finish your work before you leave.
离开前设法把工作做完。
24
After we have
finished tea, we will sit on the grass.
喝完茶之后我们将坐在草地上。
(3)
表示
“
自从
”
或
“
直到
”
的时间连词。主要的有
sinc
e, until, till
。如：
She’s been playing tennis since she was
eight.
她从八岁起就打网球了。
He didn
’
leave
until the rain stopped.
Never trouble trouble till trouble
troubles you. (
谚
)
不要无事惹事。
(4)
表示
“
一
…
就
”
的时间连词。主要的有
as soon as,
如：
I’ll let you
know as soon as I hear from her.
我一接她的信就通知你。
例题引路
单项选择
1. They are
all new,_______I
’
m not.
A. and
B. but
C. so
D . or
2. Which is gigger ,the sun _____the
moon?
A. so
B.
or
3. Do you have
any brothers ____sisters/
A. so
B. or
C.
for
D. but
4. Do
more exercise________you are not good at
P
.E.
A. so
B. but
C. or
D. because
5. You have three
boks; I have five books. ___I have two more books
than you.
A. And
B. But
D. If
6.
—
What do you
want to buy?
---A book _______two pens.
A. but
B. or
C. and
D. so
7. Miss Li is taller
____her sister.
A. than
C. if
D. as
8. My
brother goes to work on Sundays____I
don
’
t.
A. because
B. but
C. and
D. so
9. _______I finish my
homework , I will watch TV.
A. After
B. Before
C. When
D. As
10. She knew nothing about Hong
Kong______she went there.
A. or
B. before
C. because
D. as
11. I
’
d like some
bread ______butter.
A. but
B. and
C. nor
D. or
let me know ________you need any help.
A. because
C. if
D. and
Shan was sad
_______couldn
’
t find his
toys.
A. so
B. and
C. but
D. because
第
2
节句法
一、概述
1.
什么是句子成分？
组成句子的各个部
分叫句子成分。英语句子成分有主语，谓语，表语，宾语，宾语补足语，
定语，状语等。
顺序一般是主语，谓语，宾语，宾
语补足语，而表语，定语，状语的位置要根据情况而定。
（
1
）主语
主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般由名词，代词，数词
，不定式等充当。
25