,

使人产 生一些切身感

受和同情理

解。个人经 历必须严格与论题相关

,

为论题做好进一步

阐述的铺垫和指引。

在要求论述

“

大学学习只是为了获得一张文凭

”

的立场观点时

,

考

生用自己的经

历作为文章的开头。

The first thing that struck me when I arrived at the university and it still continues to

surprise me was the fact that not all the students loved and mastered their subjects. There

are those who go to university only for a degree, which I despise for the following

reasons.

5. Quotations from the famous persons.

“ Rock is the music of teenage rebellion.”

___John Rockwell, rock music critic“ By a man’ s heroes we shall know him.”

____Robert Penn Warren, novelist 6. A general question or a statement to be

illustrated by examples in the rest of the essay.

What is it like to be old in the United States? What will our own life be like when

we are old? … (The Tragedy of Old Age in America 7. Definition of the subject to be

dealt with, in an essay on a specialized topic relevant to science and philosophy

Style is the manner of writing, the fashion and beauty of the expression, the way in

which the art of writing is performed, and styles cannot be learned by rules. Nobody can

become an artist in words unless the art lies within his mind…

III. Analysis of Some Opening Paragraphs

1. Some of my friends can ’ t believe my car still runs. Others laugh when they see it

parked outside the house and ask if it ’ s an antique. But they are not being fair for my

fourteen-year-old Datsun. In fact, my

“ antique ” has opened my eyes to the rewards of

owning an old car.

分析

:

此开 篇段是按照

“

背景

---

事实

----

论点

的模式构思的。

作者先交待别人

对他的车的评论背景

,

然后引出他对他的旧车的以及

别人评 论的看法事实

,

最后交待

全文的中心论 点。

Imitating Practice

------Some of my friends think I am old-fashioned.

------Some of my classmates judge my intelligence by my exam marks.

------Some of my colleagues regard my devotion to the job as stupidity.

2. I was excited when my English composition instructor announced that computers

would be a major part of our writing course. “ Half of the clas

ses will be held in the

computer lab,” he said, “ and all required work will be done on the computer.” I was

thrilled while touring the computer lab to see all the magical-looking machines with their

glowing green screens. The machines hummed as if they were alive. I thought to myself

excitedly, “ We ’ re living in the middle of the computer revolution, and here is my

chance to get on board. ” But three months later, I have had some second thoughts. I

believe that computers are a bad idea in the writing classroom. The computer does not

help me plan a paragraph, it requires too much time and trouble to use, and it has changed

my instructor from a teacher to a technician.

分析

:

此开篇段是以个人的经历为开头的范文

,

此段的构思方法

是把主题句放

在最后

,

以此作为承接启下

< br>,

引发全文讨论的连接点。

此段与别的开篇段落不同

,

它

把作者个人对上电脑写作课的认识变化

过程经历作为开头

,

并不急于交待 文章的主

题

,

但是认真研读后

,

才

能使主题豁然开朗。

But

一词用得非常恰当

,

置地有声地亮

出了文章的

主题。

Imitating Practice

------I was excited when the company agreed to take me as a sales manager.

----- I was excited when the instructor told us that we would have a new teacher

teaching us grammar.

----- I was very excited to know that we would have an

organized-trip to Sanya.

3. We hear a lot about the negative effects of television on the viewers. Obviously,

television can be harmful if it is watched constantly to the exclusion of other activities.

However, when television is watched in moderation, it is extremely valuable, as it

provides relaxation, entertainment and education.

分析

< br>:

该段先用别人对电视的评论承认看电视的弊端

,

紧接着又

用了一个转折词

However

并由此引出该段的主题

When television is watched in moderation, it is

extremely valuable.

紧接其后的就是作

者将要讨论的三方面的问题

:relaxation,

entertainment, education. Imitating Practice

------We hear a lot about the negative effects of advertisements on the customers.

------We hear a lot about the negative effects of TV commercials on their viewers.

------We hear a lot about the negative effects of high-rise buildings.

以上开篇段的

分析

,

我们在认真研读之后

,

不难发现这些开篇段都是

以

“

反衬比较

”

模式进行 构思

的。所谓

“

反衬

< br>”

就是用事物的正面做

陪衬< /p>

,

由此引出事物的反面并加以讨论

,

或反

之。所谓

“

比 较

”

就是

以 形式相同的事物作背景

,

使之引出内容不同的事物并对其进

行讨

论。

这种方法在评论事物的好坏、

论说事物的正反、

评价事物的差异

方面

是非常有效的。

例如

,

我们在评论一个人的优点时

,

我们可以先

将人们对那个人的

消极评价作为背景或衬托

,

然后再去论说他的 优

点。这样的写作手法值得关注。

Unit Two Writing of Body Paragraphs

I. Requests of Body Paragraph Writing

Generally speaking, the body paragraphs are made up of the main parts of the whole

essay. The quality of the body paragraphs identify the entire quality of the whole essay,

so we must value the body paragraphs writing. The body writing usually divides into

three

parts or more, which offers the supportive arguments or explanations to the topic

idea in the first paragraph. The high quality of the body paragraphs should be identified

as the following:

1. Every body paragraph should be in the structure of “ Subtopic sentence +

arguments ” , and every paragraph consists only one topic idea.

2. The length of every paragraph should be usually identified and moderate, neither

too long nor too short.

3. There must be transitional words or repeated content dealt with in the previous

paragraph between the body paragraphs, especially after the beginning paragraph and

before the concluding paragraph, there should be a transitional words and phrases. This is

the presentative of the coherence of the paragraphs.

II . Structure of Body Paragraphs:

正文通常使用

“

五段法

”

写作模式

,

即一段引言

,

三段正文< /p>

,

一

段结论。

我们在正

文写作学习过程中

,

以我们大学英语考试经常使用

的议论和说明文体作为案例学

习。

正文段落一般有以下几种常见的模

式。

1.

选择观点式作文

写作要求

在选择观点式作文写作要求 中

,

考题给出一些选项

,

要求考生选出

其中一个或几

个观点予以支持或反驳。其结构通常是

:

第一段

:

引言

(

重复题目或使用其他开篇方法

,

做出 自己的论点选

择

< br>第二段

:

所选择观点的优点之一

;

第三段

:

所选择观点的优点之二< /p>

;

第四段

:

所 选择观点的优点之三

;